81 years ago today, on December 30, 1944 (November 16, 1944 in the lunar calendar), French writer Roman Roland passed away. Roman Roland was born in France in 1866. When he was a child, he was very weak, but his soul was extremely sensitive. The music of Mozart, Beethoven, etc. fascinated him, and Shakespeare's plays were even more strange to him. Magic. In 1889, Roman Roland graduated from the Normal School of Higher Education and went to Rome as an official fee student to study history. After returning to China in 1892, he taught music history courses in several secondary schools in Paris and the University of Paris. Under the influence of the Dreyfus incident in the mid-1990s, Roman Rowland, who believed in individualism, was involuntarily attracted to socialist ideas. Roman Rowland's early literary activities focused on the creation of historical drama, when he believed that drama was the most effective means of directly influencing the masses. His main achievement in dramatic creation was the "revolutionary drama" based on the French bourgeois revolution at the end of the 19th century. Faced with the decline of modern bourgeois spirit and morality, he wanted to "reignite the nation's heroic spirit and belief with the flames of the Republican era." There were four "revolutionary dramas" in Roman Roland's early days, including "The Wolves". Roman Rowland hopes to establish a "people's drama" that is not for the entertainment of a few people, but for the spiritual nourishment of the masses. He also wrote a series of papers for this purpose, which were compiled into the book "People's Drama". However, what he received for this effort was criticism from the bourgeoisie, which made him feel even more bitterly about the filth of the bourgeois social atmosphere corrupted by egoism. "Let's open the window! Let us let in the air of freedom! Let us breathe the breath of heroes!" He shouted loudly. The positive and negative aspects of Roman Roland's early worldview are fully exposed in his first novel,"John Christophe". On the one hand, he ruthlessly exposed the degeneration of bourgeois culture, provided different degrees of true portrayal of the social reality of Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy and other countries, and through Christophe's experience, accused bourgeois society of artistic talent. The destruction of talent. On the other hand, Christophe in his writing could not understand the masses after all, but sought comfort in his proud loneliness. In the end, he made peace with the enemy and compromised with reality. In 1914, when World War I broke out, Roman Rowland was in Switzerland. The war caused great spiritual suffering to this pacifist and humanitarian. In September of that year, he published an "Open Letter to Hopman" condemning the German writer for serving German imperialism's war propaganda. He then wrote a series of anti-war articles exposing the criminal nature of the war. Later, he compiled these articles into the famous collection of essays "Beyond the Battle." In the 1930s, Roman Rowland actively participated in progressive political activities. He served as chairman of the International Anti-Fascist Committee, supported the Spanish people's anti-fascist struggle, and attended the Paris Conference for the Defense of Peace, making certain contributions to the cause of human progress. On December 30, 1944, Roman Roland, a litterateur and social activist who had constantly explored and struggled for a better future for the motherland and the world, passed away. Gorky and Roman Roland