On this day, 314 years ago, on September 25, 1711 (August 13, 1711, the lunar calendar), Emperor Qianlong (Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty) Aixinjolo Hongli was born. Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty was Aixinjolo Hongli (September 25, 1711 to February 7, 1799) Emperor Qianlong's name was Aixinjolo Hongli. He was born on August 13, the 50th year of Kangxi. His biological mother was the Fourth Prince Yinzhen, the Fujin Niu Kolu. Before he ascended the throne, he served as Prince Bao. After Emperor Yongzheng ascended the throne, he secretly established him as the Crown Prince, and the imperial edict was placed behind the upright and bright plaque in the Qianqing Palace. This also became a custom in the later Qing Dynasty. After the death of Emperor Yongzheng, Hongli succeeded to the throne as Emperor Qianlong. Qianlong was born intelligent and had great achievements in civil administration and martial arts, which also made him very conceited. In his later years, he called himself "the Ten Complete Old Man" and boasted of his martial arts. However, in fact, the Qing Dynasty was declining day by day, and various crises lurking in China could break out at any time. Internationally, the gap between China and the West widened. China was no longer a "celestial dynasty" but a blindly arrogant frog at the bottom of a well. In the 60th year of Qianlong's reign, Yin Yan, the fifteenth son of the Emperor, became the Supreme Emperor. He reigned for 60 years, and as the Taishang Emperor, he also supervised the government for three years. Therefore, Emperor Qianlong was the second longest emperor in China's history, second only to his grandfather Kangxi. However, he was the longest emperor in China's history, reaching sixty-three years old. He was the oldest emperor in China's history, and he died at the age of 88. After Qianlong's death, the temple name was "Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty" and the posthumous title was "Emperor Pure". He was known as Emperor Qianlong in history. Emperor Qianlong was one of the most well-known emperors in China history. He was the one who pushed the prosperous times of Kangqian and Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty to its peak, and he was also the one who personally dragged it to decline. He was an important emperor who influenced the historical process of China after the 18th century. Before he ascended the throne, Aishinjueluo Hongli was the most talented of Emperor Yongzheng's sons. He was loved by his grandfather Kangxi and his father Yongzheng since childhood. Kangxi carefully selected good teachers for him and provided him with various education. Some Qing historians believe that it was precisely because Kangxi believed that his grandson Hongli was outstanding that it passed down to his father Yongzheng. Before Hongli ascended the throne, he was granted the title of Prince Bao. As a young man, he was extremely intelligent, capable of writing and martial arts, and was very talented in his actions. Yongzheng had high hopes for him, which was unmatched among princes. As early as August of the first year of Yongzheng, Hongli was made the crown prince in the form of "secretly establishing the crown prince." Prince Hongshi once competed with him for favor, but his clan registration was removed. However, Yongzheng accepted the lesson of Kangxi and did not allow the prince to participate in politics. Similarly, Hongli did not participate in court politics before he ascended the throne, nor did he hold important military and political positions. He only participated in the handling of the transfer of land in the Miao border in the 13th year of Yongzheng. In 1735, Yongzheng died and Qianlong successfully succeeded to the throne. After the young Qianlong ascended the throne, the first thing he faced was the gradually heating up of cliques. When he came to power, he made it clear that he hated cliques and banned private cliques to warn the two factions of Ortai and Zhang Tingyu, who were at the peak of the court at that time. However, because he had no basic contact with politics before, lacked experience and prestige, and did not have any cronies, he faced pressure from cliques and imperial clans in his early administration and faced difficulties. He used various means to make the Zhang and Hubei factions contain each other and slowly regain power. After the "Hongxi Rebellion Case" in the fourth year of Qianlong, he was determined to exclude the imperial family from the political power, made full use of the functions of the Military Commission, and arbitrarily ruled the regime, resulting in the unprecedented strengthening of autocratic monarchy and the peak of centralization of power. Politically, Qianlong corrected the shortcomings of his ancestors who were lenient and strict, and implemented the policy of "combining lenient and strict". He was pragmatic and satisfied the country, rectified official governance, formulated various laws and systems, gave preferential treatment to scholars, and appeased the attacked imperial family of the Yongzheng Dynasty. Economically rewarded reclamation and water conservancy construction, the country showed a prosperous trend. From the early years to the middle years of Qianlong, it was the most dynamic period in Emperor Qianlong's political life and was praised by future generations. In the later period, he relied heavily on Minzhong and Heshen, especially the corrupt official Heshen. In addition, Emperor Qianlong himself was old, complacent, rigid in thought, fanciful in ambition, and militaristic. He could not get rid of the corruption of official governance. Malpractices emerged, corruption was prevalent, and conflicts intensified. This caused China to decline rapidly after the "prosperous years of Kangxi and Qianlong." Diligence and love for the people was the consistent proposition advertised by Qianlong, and many officials of the Qing government therefore took it their duty to care about civil affairs. Among the capable ministers trusted by Qianlong, there were many honest officials. Such as Sun Jiagan, Grand Scholar, Gan Rulai from Fengxin, Jiangxi, etc. Qianlong required local governors to take charge of their duties honestly and opposed empty texts. He also boldly appointed various capable officials who had been demoted by Yongzheng. During the reign of Qianlong, there were countless people with abilities and aspirations, including Fu Heng, Zhaohui, Agui, Liu Tongxun, etc., who were promoted by him. However, due to the Qing emperor's strong government control and the proposition that "this dynasty's incompetent ministers", the talents of his ministers were shrouded in the emperor's huge shadow. He turned everyone's honor into his own. In terms of developing social production, Qianlong mainly inherited the economic and political systems since Kangxi and Yongzheng. His greatest achievement was the very thorough implementation of policies such as "transforming land and returning to the flow","distributing farmland into acres" and "returning fire to the public" during the Yongzheng period. To this end, Qianlong listened to the advice of Minister Zhang Guangsi and adopted measures to appease ethnic minorities in Guizhou, Yunnan and other places, supplemented by conquests, to quickly put down the rebellion of ethnic minorities. The implementation of these measures brought the Qing Dynasty's national strength to its peak. Qianlong held great power all his life, and autocratic monarchy reached the peak of China's history. He can save food and control water for the people, and relieve disasters at all costs; He could also ruthlessly suppress all forces that opposed him. During his administration, cruel and bloody literary prisons were everywhere, causing hundreds of lives to be lost, and even the killing of major officials in the border was not uncommon. The Zen Emperor Qianlong was able to carry forward the foundation of his ancestors and made achievements in both culture and martial arts. He was indeed a "promising king" of his generation. On September 21, the forty-third year of Qianlong (1778), Qianlong declared: Zen within sixty years. He said: In the past, the emperor's ancestors ruled for sixty-one years, but I dare not compare with them. If you invite Qiongcang to bless you, you will have eighty-five years to live in the sixtieth year of Qianlong, and you will be passed on to the throne of Crown Prince and return to politics and retire from leisure. The meaning of this edict is that his grandfather, Emperor Kangxi, had been in power for 61 years, and he dared not compare with him. If he can reign for 60 years, he should pass the throne to the Crown Prince. On the third day of September, the 60th year of Qianlong (1795), the 85-year-old Emperor Qianlong visited the Yuanmingyuan Qinzheng Hall, summoned the princes, grandchildren, princes and ministers, and announced the establishment of the 15th son of the Emperor Jia Yan as the Crown Prince, with the next year as the heir emperor Jiaqing In the first year of the first year of Emperor Jiaqing, he returned to power within the deadline. On the first day of the first month of the first year of Jiaqing (1796), Emperor Qianlong visited the Hall of Supreme Harmony, held a ceremony of internal meditation and awarded the seal. Yan Yan was the emperor, honoring Hongli as the Taishang Emperor and supervising government affairs. Officials from the Honglu Temple of the Ministry of Rites went to the Tiananmen Gate Tower to announce that Jiaqing Qin had given the imperial edict of Emperor Taishang, and Jin Feng issued the edict to declare the world. After Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne, he was given political training for three years and three days. Later generations often ridiculed Qianlong as he called it abdication, practicing meditation without retiring. Qianlong's reign was long and his age was high. In the history of China, there were only five emperors who died over the age of 80. The four emperors except Qianlong were: (1) Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty, was 86 years old and reigned for 48 years. However, he lived in a corner and sacrificed his life three times in the temple. He was good at literature and proficient in music; after Hou Jingzhi's rebellion, he died a tragic death due to hunger and illness. (2) Wu Zetian, Empress of Wuzhou, died at the age of 82 and reigned for 15 years. She is the only female emperor in China. (3) Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, was 81 years old. He was in power for 36 years and lived half of the mountains and rivers. (4) Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, was 80 years old and reigned for 35 years.