On this day, 48 years ago, on October 29, 1977 (September 17, 1977, the Neolithic archaeological work in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River achieved great results. With the overthrow of the "Gang of Four", the academic atmosphere in my country's cultural relics and archaeology community has become increasingly strong. In October 1977, relevant cultural relics and archaeological departments and units held an academic symposium on Neolithic culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Nanjing. This academic seminar was initiated by the Cultural Relics Publishing House and Nanjing Museum under the leadership of the State Administration of Cultural Relics. The academic symposium focused on discussing the types, stages, interrelationships and social nature of the Neolithic cultures in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. A total of 30 academic papers and excavation reports were presented at the meeting. Su Bingqi, a researcher at the Institute of Archaeology of China Academy of Social Sciences, gave a special report on various issues related to Neolithic culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River at the meeting. These papers and reports summarize the great achievements made in Neolithic archaeological work in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and southeastern coastal areas under the leadership of the Party since the founding of the People's Republic of China. At the meeting, papers and reports were also presented on the paleogeography, geology and Lishui ancient human sites in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, further exploring the original culture and origins of this area. A total of 62 representatives from 35 units including museums from Shanghai, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong, Guangdong, Jiangsu and other provinces and cities, archaeology majors from Peking University, Shandong University, Xiamen University, and Nanjing University, Institute of Archaeology of China Academy of Social Sciences, China History Museum, Xi'an Banpo Museum, and the Archaeological Team of the Yangtze River Basin Planning Office attended the seminar.