On this day 69 years ago, on November 22, 1956 (October 20, 1956 in the lunar calendar), the 16th Olympic Games in Melbourne opened. The 16th Olympic Games of the American athlete Otter, who won the discus champion in four consecutive Olympic Games (1956-1968), were held in Melbourne, Australia from November 22 to December 8, 1956. There were 3,184 athletes (including 371 women) from 67 countries and regions participating. There were 148 individual events in 17 major events. The Soviet team won 37 gold medals, surpassing the US team for the first time. The Chinese Olympic Committee was invited and refused to send a team to participate because it protested against the International Olympic Committee's creation of "two Chinas". Taiwan of China sent 21 male athletes to compete in 5 events and did not win a place. The only Olympic event to be held in the southern hemisphere was the 1956 Melbourne Games, when Australia's strict animal quarantine laws forced equestrian competitions to be held in Stockholm, Sweden. This made the Games the only time an Olympic Games was held on two continents. The Soviet team won a total of 37 gold medals, ranking first in the gold medal table. Kuts won two gold medals in the 5,000-meter and 10,000-meter running, both world records. The men's gymnastics team led by Djukalin won seven gold medals in all eight events, and the women's team also entered its prime. In addition, the Soviet team also showed strong strength in weightlifting and Greco-Roman wrestling. The sudden rise of the Australian swimming team won nine championships in 13 events for men and women. Among them, the male athlete Rose won three championships in the 400-meter, 1500-meter freestyle and 4x200-meter freestyle, and won the 400-meter freestyle championship at the Rome Olympics. He also won silver and bronze medals in two other events. The female athlete Fraser won the gold medal in the 100-meter freestyle. In 1960 and 1964, she won the championship twice. She was also the first person to break through the 1-minute mark in the women's 100-meter freestyle. The two gold medals in the 1000-meter and 10,000-meter men's single kayak became the best birthday gift for the 37-year-old Swedish player Guy Frederiksson. This is his third Olympic gold medal in the 1000-meter wooden single kayak. From 1948 to 1960, he won 6 Olympic championships and 6 world championships. American hammer thrower Ha Connolly and Czechoslovak discus player Ao Fektova fell in love at first sight at the Melbourne Olympics, and both won gold medals in their respective events. The two held a grand wedding in Prague in 1957. At the closing ceremony, athletes were arranged for the first time to enter the stadium, emphasizing the friendship brought about by the Olympics. It is said that the idea was suggested by a Chinese boy born in Australia. The United States chose handkerchiefs and McCormick became the only athletes in the history of the Olympic Games in two (1952 and 1956) to win the board and the gold medal in Taiwan diving. Soviet gymnast veteran Zhukalin won 14 gold medals, 3 silver and 4 bronze medals in the 1952 and 1956 Olympics