903 years ago today, on September 23, 1122 (August 21, 1122 lunar calendar), a religious agreement was concluded in Worms. 1122 Holy Roman Emperor Henry V (1106-1125) and Pope Callixtus II (1119-1124) to resolve the dispute over the right to appoint bishops. Since the establishment of the Saxon Dynasty, the Holy Roman Emperor and the King of Germany have had the right to appoint bishops in the country. Gregory VII was elected as the pope's queen, believing that the right of the church was granted by God, and the pope should not only have the authority to appoint and remove bishops, but also to depose the monarch. In 1075, the Holy See published a plan to reform the church, abolishing the right to appoint bishops to secular monarchs. In 1076, Kaiser Henry IV (reigned from 1056 to 1106) called a synod at Worms attended by German bishops and some high-ranking secular nobles, and issued a call to announce the dethronement of Gregory VII. Henry IV wrote to the Holy See and asked Gregory VII to abdicate. The Pope retaliated by calling a synod in Lateran a month later, declaring the law of breaking the door, excommunicated Henry IV, abolished his throne and lifted the oath of allegiance of his subjects to the emperor. Some grand feudalists, instigated by the Pope, denied the emperor's power and waited for an opportunity to rebel, causing political and religious chaos in Germany. Forced by the domestic situation, Henry IV went to Canossa Castle in Italy in January 1077 to repent to the Pope for his sins. After being pardoned and reinstated, Henry IV led an army into Rome in 1084, expelled Gregory VII from Rome by force, installed a puppet pope, and crowned himself emperor. Since then, the struggle between the German emperor and the Roman pope has continued. On September 23, 1122, under the auspices of the papal envoys, the two sides concluded the Worms religious agreement. The agreement stipulated that the bishops and abbots in Germany were no longer appointed by the emperor, but were elected by an electoral council composed of priests; when bishops were elected in Germany, they must be held in the presence of the emperor or his representatives; if there were differences of opinion in the election, the emperor had the right to rule; when the German prefect was appointed, the emperor first granted the secular authority symbolized by the symbol of power; then the Pope of Rome granted the religious power marked by the order and the staff; in Italy and Burgundy and other places, the ceremony of granting the secular power of bishops should be held six months after the grant of religious power. The power of bishops was in the hands of the pope, and the emperor could not interfere. The dispute between the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor over the right of bishops was temporarily suspended. Comments: Caesar's to Caesar, God's to God. A good start.