58 years ago today, on May 26, 1967 (April 18, 1967), China successfully launched its first surface-to-surface medium-range missile. On May 26, 1967, China successfully launched its first surface-to-surface medium-range missile. After 50 years of construction and development, our country's ground-to-ground strategic and tactical missiles have been launched from liquid to solid, from short range to intercontinental, from land launch to underwater submarine launch, from fixed position launch to mobile covert launch, and have an effective nuclear deterrent and defensive counterattack force; air defense missiles have formed a series of high-altitude, low-altitude, low-altitude, ultra-low-altitude and other ground-to-air missiles, with different launch methods and air defense equipment systems that attack different airspace; air defense missiles have formed a series of coastal defense missiles such as shore ships, ships, aircraft ships, submarines, etc., with the ability to resist landing, blockade important sea areas and offshore operations. All kinds of missiles in our country have formed a complete supporting weapon system, which has greatly enhanced the national defense strength. It has built a strong steel barrier for the country's territory, airspace and territorial waters, and has become an important force to consolidate national defense and safeguard the security of the motherland. Our country's ground-to-ground ballistic missile technology started from imitating the Soviet Union's P-2 short-range missile. This short-range missile, code-named 1059, was later named "Dongfeng No. 1". Its rocket engine uses liquid oxygen and alcohol as propellants, and the control system adopts a hybrid guidance method of inertia and radio transverse correction. On November 5, 1960, the first Dongfeng No. 1 short-range ground-to-ground missile was successfully launched, which was an important turning point in the history of our country's military equipment. Liquid ballistic missile. Since 1960, our country has begun to develop the "Dongfeng-2" medium and short-range liquid ballistic missile on the basis of imitating short-range missiles. The main research projects are: increasing the thrust and specific thrust of the engine and prolonging the working time by 40%, changing the liquid oxygen tank from a double-layer structure to a single-layer structure, and changing the convergent steel structure to a cylindrical aluminum alloy structure in the tail section. The overall layout, control system and ground equipment of the missile are roughly the same as those of Dongfeng-1. After a launch failure, the Dongfeng-2 medium and short-range missile designed and developed by our country was successfully tested for the first time on June 29, 1964. Subsequent tests were successful, which marked that our country's missiles embarked on the road of independent research and development. In 1964, our country formulated the "Four Bombs in Eight Years" plan, that is, from 1965 to 1972, the development of four ground-to-ground missile models from medium and short-range to long-range was completed. In 1965, it was decided to improve the Dongfeng-2 missile, increasing the range by 20%, for the "two-bomb combination" test of carrying atomic warheads. The improved design of the Dongfeng-2A missile carried out the "two-bomb combination" flight test of carrying atomic bombs on October 27, 1966. The missile took off, flew accurately to the landing area and achieved a nuclear explosion. Since then, our country has its own missile nuclear weapons, breaking the nuclear monopoly of the United States and the Soviet Union. In 1965, our country began to develop the "Dongfeng-3" medium-range ground-to-ground missile, and the two launch tests on May 26 and June 10, 1967 were successful. It is worth mentioning that the "Dongfeng-4" medium and long-range missile broke through a series of new technologies. During the development process, the connection and separation of the two-stage rocket, the ignition of the second-stage engine at high altitude and stable operation under near vacuum conditions, the common bottom of the oxidant tank and the fuel tank, the weak vibration and shaking of the strapdown fully compensated guidance, and the heat protection of the warhead into the atmosphere at high speed were all broken through. After a flight test failure, the launch test of the Dongfeng-4 medium and long-range missile was a complete success on January 30, 1970. " The development of the "Dongfeng V" intercontinental missile adopted some new technical solutions. It was determined that the power unit used stored dinitrogen tetroxide and metamethylhydrazine as propellants. The first-stage engine was composed of four single machines in parallel, and the second-stage engine was composed of a main engine and a swimming engine. The control system selected a platform computer and a three-axis hydrostatic air-floating gyro stabilization platform. On September 10, 1971, the Dongfeng V intercontinental missile conducted a scientific verification flight test, which basically achieved the purpose of testing the missile design plan and the adaptability of each system. On May 18, 1980, our country's first intercontinental missile, "Dongfeng V", took off from the Jiuquan launch base, pierced through the sky, shook thousands of miles, and splashed down accurately in the predetermined waters of the South Pacific 30 minutes later. The whole flight test was a complete success. Since then, our country has become the third country in the world to conduct a full flight test of intercontinental missiles, which is a new milestone in the development of our country's strategic missiles. Solid ballistic missiles. In 1967, our country's strategic missiles began to change from liquid to solid, that is, the power unit of the missile transitioned from liquid fuel rocket engines to solid fuel rocket engines. The solid missile has the advantages of compact structure, high reliability, good maneuverability, less auxiliary equipment, easy maintenance, strong survivability, and short launch preparation time. Therefore, the transition from liquid missiles to solid missiles marks a new stage in the development of ground-based ballistic missile technology. In the same year, the 1.4-meter-diameter solid-state engine developed by our country passed the full thermal test. The solid-state engine already has a certain foundation, so it was decided to develop a solid-state strategic missile equipped with a nuclear submarine. This solid missile was later named "JL-1". During the development process, it was necessary to overcome technical difficulties such as underwater launch, large-scale solid-state engine materials and structures, control system platform computers, remote control safety devices, and engine high-altitude ignition. In accordance with the three-step procedure of "platform, barrel and boat", the test of the land launch pad, land launch barrel and conventional submarine of the telemetry bomb was passed. In 1982, the research and development of "JL-1" entered the implementation stage of submarine underwater launch test. In March of this year, it was decided that the solid missile test of "9182", which was named the "9182" mission, must complete all test preparations before 12:00 pm on September 30, 1982. On September 20, 1982, the mobilization meeting of the "9182" mission was held. On October 1, Xinhua News Agency authorized the issuance of an announcement announcing that our country would conduct launch rocket tests on the high seas from October 7 to October 26. On October 7, the submarine launched the first JL-1 telemetry missile underwater, but soon after it came out of the water and ignited, the missile lost control and flipped, self-destructed in the air, and the test failed. After summarizing experience and lessons, the cause of the failure was found on the telemetry data analytics, and measures were taken to eliminate the failure of the attitude instability. On October 12, the submarine launched the second telemetry missile underwater. The missile flew according to the scheduled trajectory, and the warhead accurately fell into the predetermined sea area. The flight test was a complete success. The successful launch of the JL-1 solid strategic missile shows that our country's strategic missile technology has been further improved and developed. Our country has become the fifth country in the world to have the ability to launch a missile underwater from a submarine. At the same time, the relevant parties decided to move the submarine missile from underwater to land, and develop a land-based mobile solid missile. The key is to design and complete a three-purpose vehicle that can transport, erect and launch a missile. After a year of research, a series of technical problems were solved. In April 1984, the joint training of the whole weapon system of missiles and ground equipment was carried out, and the design performance of various vehicle equipment was comprehensively tested. In May 1985, the solid strategic missile developed by our country was successfully launched in one fell swoop. Later, the targeting, adapter and other supporting equipment were improved. In May 1987, the launch test was carried out with the improved ground equipment, which was a complete success. This marks that the land-based mobile solid strategic missile has reached a new technical level. Since the 1990s, our country has made new progress in the development of new-generation ground-to-ground tactical and strategic missiles. During the missile launch training held in the East China Sea in July 1995, all the newly developed ground-to-ground missiles were launched accurately to the target; during the military exercise held in March 1996 on the southeast coast, the new ground-to-ground missiles were launched accurately to the expected target. On August 2, 1999, our country successfully conducted a new long-range ground-to-ground missile launch test in its own territory, which marked that China's missile technology reached a new height of development.