157 years ago today, October 10, 1868 (August 25, 1868 in the lunar calendar), Cuba's first War of Independence broke out. After 1810, wars of independence broke out in Central and South American countries and Mexico, which freed themselves from Spanish colonial rule. Under the influence of this independence movement, Cuba also broke out many armed uprisings in 1812, 1813 and 1826 to resist the oppression of the Spanish colonists. However, the uprisings failed. After 1826, in order to compensate for the losses of their colonies in Central and South America, the Spanish colonists further intensified their exploitation and rule of Cuba, making the Cuban economy worse and the lives of people of all walks of life poorer. On October 10, 1868, the Demajagua Sugar Factory run by Cuban patriot Desespedes in Manzanillo, Oriente Province, finally raised the flag of righteousness for the first time, and the first war for independence broke out in Cuban history. Cuba's War of Independence developed rapidly, and the flames of revolution quickly burned across the country. The war was very fierce. The Spanish colonists mobilized troops from time to time to increase their armed forces in Cuba and carry out the most brutal suppression of the rebels and the Cuban people. According to statistics, Cuba's population at that time was only about 1.5 million, but 200,000 Cubans died in this war. Cuba's War of Independence was won many battles at the beginning. On April 10, 1869, the insurgents held a Constituent Convention in Guimaro, Camagüey Province, declaring the founding of the Republic of Cuba, forming a parliament, elected Desepedes as president, and adopted Cuba's first republican constitution. However, when the war continued into hardship, some of the upper echelons of the bourgeoisie and landlord classes who led the struggle began to waver. On February 8, 1878, a meeting was held in San Agustin del Brazo, Camagüey Province, announcing the dissolution of the parliament, stopping the armed struggle, and signing a treaty of surrender with the Spanish authorities. The Tibetan-Hong Treaty is a completely deceptive treaty that has been opposed by the Cuban people. Some uprising generals led by Maceo, who came from a peasant family, resolutely refused to recognize the treaty and were determined to continue fighting. It was not until 1878, under the coercion and inducement of the Spanish colonists, and due to divisions among the insurgents, that the uprising ended in failure. Because this war lasted for 10 years, it was also called the "Ten Years War" in Cuban history.