448 years ago today, June 28, 1577 (June 13, 1577 in the lunar calendar), Rubens, an early representative figure of the Baroque School, was born. Peter Paul Rubens (June 28, 1577-May 30, 1640) was a Flemish painter and a representative figure of the early Baroque School. Rubens was born in Sigen, Germany, to a Protestant lawyer originally from Antwerp, Belgium, who fled to Germany to escape religious persecution. After the death of his father, 12-year-old Rubens followed his mother back to Antwerp, his hometown under Spanish rule, where he was baptized by the Catholic Church. Religion became a very important theme in Rubens 'career as a painter. As a boy, Rubens worked as a waiter in a countess's house, so he had the opportunity to receive an orthodox aristocratic education and be proficient in multiple languages. Later, under the arrangement of his mother, he studied with several painters. At the age of 21, he was recognized by the Antwerp Artists Guild and became an official painter. In 1600, Rubens went to Italy to continue studying painting. He painted for Duke Mantua and had the opportunity to further improve his artistic literacy and education. He studied ancient Roman paintings and improved his painting skills by imitating the works of great painters. As a result of this experience, many of his subsequent paintings were influenced by the styles of Titian, Michelangelo and Caravaggio. During this period, Rubens 'painting style was basically mature. Because of his outstanding paintings and smooth personality, he was promoted to ambassador by the Duke and was given the opportunity to visit cities in Spain and Italy frequently. The famous paintings he created during this period include "The Riding Statue of the Duke of Lyma","St. Helena","Erection of the Cross", and "Christ Wearing the Crown of Thorns", with the style of the Venetian School of Painting. In 1608, Rubens's mother died, and Rubens returned to Antwerp and became a Brussels court painter. A year later, he married Isabella Brant, the daughter of an outstanding local humanist in Antwerp. His two altarpieces for the Antwerp Cathedral,"The Upper Cross" and "The Lower Cross", established him as Belgium's most outstanding religious painter. This period can be regarded as the peak of Rubens painting career. Many royal families and aristocratic courts in Europe ordered paintings from him. First, his paintings were magnificent, colorful and full of motion, and were loved by dignitaries in Europe. On the other hand, it was also because of his good social relations and reputation: Rubens, who had outstanding diplomatic talents and erudition, had friends with almost all prominent families in Europe at that time. Overwhelmed with orders, Rubens created a private studio in Antwerp and hired many talented painters as his assistants. Most of his paintings focus on religious themes, portraits and ancient mythological stories. Famous paintings include "The Robbing of the Daughter of Leucipas" and "The Life of Mary Medici". His portrait works are also very popular among European upper society. From 1621 to 1630, Rubens was appointed by the Spanish royal family to visit many European countries for diplomatic work. The most famous achievement was his successful establishment of friendly relations between Spain and Britain. For this reason, he was knighted by Charles I, and he also painted a zenith painting titled "Blessing Peace" for Whitehall, the court of London. Rubens himself obviously likes this kind of diplomatic work, once commenting that "painting is my profession, and being an ambassador is my hobby." Four years after the death of his first wife Isabella, 53-year-old Rubens married 16-year-old Helena, who also became a model in several Rubens later works, including "Helena in the Garden","Helena Wrapped in a Coat" and "Helena in Fur". He and Helena had five children, the youngest of which was not born until eight months after his death. He and Isabella also had three children. Rubens had a major influence on European painting, including Delacroix, Constable and Renoir, all of whom were influenced by his style of painting. From the second half of the 17th century to the early 18th century, a trend of Rubenism was popular in France, advocating that color was more important than lines. "The Riding Statue of the Duke of Lyma","Forced Robbing of the Daughter of Leucipas","Daniel in the Lion's Cave","The Garden of Love","The Fall of the Anti-Angel","The Referee of Paris","The Beating of Babies","The Massacre of Innocent People","Battle of Amaron","The Dragon Quest of St. George","Three Beauties","Isabella? Brandt "Suzanne? Comments on "Portrait of Furman" and "The Wedding of the Earth and the Sea": Classical oil painting has reached a quite mature stage by him.