755 years ago today, on August 25, 1270 (August 8, 1270), Louis IX of the Capetian dynasty of France died. Louis IX (April 25, 1214 - August 25, 1270), revered as "St. Louis", the ninth king of the Capetian dynasty of France (reigned 1226-1270), reigned until his death in 1226, the child of Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile. He also launched the Seventh and Eighth Crusades. He was the perfect monster the world had never seen before - historians' evaluation of Louis IX He was regarded as a model for medieval French and all European monarchs, nicknamed "The Perfect Monster". In medieval Europe, to be a model monarch, one should at least have the following conditions: pious Christian faith, participation in the Crusades, justice in law enforcement, etc., and he has all of the above. Although he did not bring any revolutionary changes to France, his effective rule brought France a period of stability and prosperity, strengthened the authority and status of the French royal family, and laid a certain foundation for the French royal family to still stand in the heavy blow of the Hundred Years' War between Britain and France more than half a century later, and then formed the French nation-state. He was the ninth king of the Capetian dynasty. Thanks to the efforts of his grandfather Philip II and other predecessors, the French royal family had ended the embarrassing situation of being trapped in the "Island of France". Although it had not yet established a centralized authority over the whole of France, it was already the most powerful person in the name. His father, Louis VIII, who was brave and good at fighting, did not add much property to the Capetian dynasty. He reported to God at a young age, leaving behind the 12-year-old Louis IX and his mother, Blanchet, who were orphaned and widowed. The first 10 years of Louis IX's reign were regent by the queen mother Blanchet. Blanchet played a huge role in Louis IX's early education. Under the guidance of his mother, the Christian spirit has become an integral part of his thinking since childhood. His later actions fully demonstrate this, he did Thou Thou Thou twice a day, recited the Book of Our Lady 50 times before going to bed, and got up at midnight to attend the morning prayers held by the priest in the church. He donated money to the order without hesitation and became a member of the Order of St. Francis. At times, he even washed the feet of the blind in the workhouse himself, following the practice of Jesus washing the feet of his disciples. But his piety also caused damage to France. He strictly prohibited the spread of paganism, set up burning grounds and courts for heresy, treated Jews especially harshly, burned their scriptures, forced them to wear Jewish symbols, etc. His piety was also manifested in his fanaticism for the Crusades. He led the Seventh and Eighth Crusades, which go down in history as a wonderful conclusion to the history of the Crusades. The previous one lasted from 1248 to 1250, when the young and vigorous Louis attacked with all his power. It is said that 140,000 army and more than 1,800 warships targeted Egypt under Saladin's descendants. But after capturing the port of Damietta, the army was devastated by the plague. On the way to Cairo, the Egyptian Sultan Saleh who came to fight suddenly died of illness in the army. The situation seemed to be very good, but the Egyptian Guard, composed of slaves, led by Saleh's concubine Pearl Branch, still defeated the tired crusaders. His brother, Count Artois, died, and St. Louis himself was "honorably" imprisoned. He was released after paying a fine of 800,000 gold coins. The war had a greater impact on Egypt's history, and the Ayyub dynasty was destroyed as a result, and the rule of the "slave dynasty" began. Later, from 1269 to 1270, St. Louis, who was a teenager, led 6,000 knights and 30,000 infantry to attack Tunisia despite the opposition of most of the nobles in the country. In the beginning, it was very powerful, but the plague always loved to oppose him. This time, he died of illness in the strange and changeable desert of North Africa. According to today's point of view, his eastern expedition was a failure, but according to the chivalry of Europe at that time, whether he was captured or died on the journey was a great honor. Because of this, 27 years after his death, he was recognized as a saint by the Holy See and won the title of "St. Louis". Louis IX's horse record did not stop there. As early as his childhood, he defeated the invasion orchestrated by King Henry III of England. Later, he signed the Treaty of Paris with Henry III and exchanged territories with each other. Henry III submitted to Louis IX as a vassal. Later, he signed the Treaty of Corbett with King Jaime I of Aragon of Spain, which basically established the border between the two countries on the Pyrenees. In general, Louis IX implemented a good-neighborly policy in European Christian countries, did not take the initiative to provoke wars, and handled disputes with justice and leniency. This made his era a rare era of olive branch dancing in medieval Western Europe, which is also one of the reasons for his high reputation. Louis IX had a greater impact on France because of his judicial reform. Unlike the judicial reform in England at the same time, the French reform obviously had the purpose of strengthening centralized power. First, it was to transfer judicial power to the royal court, and stipulated that important cases such as rebellion, edicts, and counterfeiting must be tried in the royal court. He also implemented the "40-day king" system outside the royal territory, that is, after the local princes suffered an infringement, they could not retaliate for 40 days, but could only appeal to the royal court and be judged by the king, which deprived the princes of the right to "kill first and then play". St. Louis also banned judicial duels, blood revenge and other backward customs. At the same time as the judicial reform, there was a currency reform, which stipulated that only royal coins could be circulated in the royal territory. St. Louis is worthy of being a rare people-friendly king in the history of the world. Every time he finished your sowing, he would sit in the forest of Vincent to receive complaints from any citizen and hear the case himself. As mentioned above, he would personally wash the feet of the poor. He built hospitals, hospices, hostels, homes for the blind and houses for prostitutes, with his own money or with public funds. At each visit, he fed 120 poor people a day, three of whom could eat with him. He also served lepers. He also supported literature and the arts, and played an active role in the development of the University of Paris. In his era, foreign students flocked to Paris. The large number of Gothic buildings that appeared in Paris is a testament to the prosperity of his era. Although St. Louis did not bring any revolutionary changes to France, his effective rule gave France a period of stability and prosperity, strengthened the authority and status of the French royal family, and laid a certain foundation for the French royal family to survive the heavy blow of the Hundred Years' War between Britain and France more than half a century later. His judicial and monetary reforms were a solid step on the road to a centralized state in France. In addition, his exemplary role as a "perfect monster" for future monarchs should also be added. The burning grounds and the Inquisition for Heresy that he promoted are a disturbing part of his important influence. This "perfect monster never seen in this world" is ranked 67th in this list. The experience of growing up with the Christian spirit shaped Louis IX's personality and his governing style, whether it was tolerance, justice, pity for the poor and the weak, peace for neighboring countries or brutality towards infidels, hostility towards the Islamic world fully reflects the characteristics of a pure Christian monarch.