Eighty-two years ago today, on September 3, 1943 (August 4, 1943), Italy surrendered to the Allies. On September 3, 1943, Italian representatives signed an armistice at the Allied headquarters near Kuza, Greece, in Sicily. Years of war had brought the Italian economy to the brink of collapse, the state budget was in deficit of 87 billion lira, and revenue was only 36% of expenditure. Food plaques were scarce across the country, the black market was rampant, and people were struggling to make ends meet. The army was also in a "state of collapse", with a serious shortage of soldiers and low morale. After the defeat at Stalingrad, Hitler refused to provide Mussolini with new assistance, citing tensions on the Eastern Front, and forced Mussolini to continue conscripting as cannon fodder. In this situation, the Italian ruling group decided to abandon Mussolini to get out of the crisis. On the night of July 24, 1943, the Supreme Council of Fascism passed a resolution to restore the constitutional monarchy and return the command of the army to the king. The next night, King Emmanuel III summoned Mussolini, ordered him to resign, appointed Field Marshal Badoglio as prime minister, formed a non-partisan government, and announced the news to the world. Two days later, Mussolini was escorted to the island of Punta and later to the island of Madarena. On July 28, Badoglio announced the dissolution of the Fascist Party, ending 21 years of fascist rule. To avoid Hitler's retaliation, Pakistan announced that it would continue to fight with Germany, but secretly sent envoys to negotiate with the allies, expressing its willingness to fight against the enemy. In mid-August, British Prime Minister Churchill and US President Roosevelt held talks in Quebec, Canada, agreeing on the terms of the armistice and authorizing Allied Commander Eisenhower to surrender. On September 3, representatives of Italy and the United States signed an armistice agreement in the olive grove near Syracuse, Sicily, stipulating that the Italian army would immediately stop military operations, the sea and air force would withdraw to the designated location of the Allied forces, and immediately withdraw troops operating in various foreign theaters. The Allied forces had the right to use various airfields and military bases in Italy. After Mussolini's fall, Hitler was worried that Italy would surrender to the Allies and the Allies would land in the south. Therefore, under the pretext of reducing the defense burden on northern Italy, he dispatched eight German divisions led by Marshal Rommel to cross the border and occupy the Alpine passes. He also established the Pisa-Rimini Line in the north to support the other eight German divisions stationed on the Italian mainland south of the line. On the morning of the day the armistice was signed, the British Eighth Army forcibly crossed the Messina Strait and landed on the Apennine Peninsula, advancing rapidly towards southern Italy. On September 8, Eisenhower and Badoglio broadcast the armistice declaration respectively. In the early morning of the 9th, the Allies landed in Salerno, marched towards the west coast of Italy, and captured Naples in one fell swoop. After hearing the above broadcast, the Germans immediately disarmed the Italian army, arrested a large number of Italian officers, and occupied Rome on September 10, and then took over the Italian mainland as far south as Naples. On the eve of the German occupation of Rome, the Italian royal family, Badoglio, and members of his government fled in a hurry, and then took a submarine to the west of Brin on September 10. On September 13, the Nazi SS successfully rescued Mussolini and let him appear on the stage. At the end of September, a fascist puppet regime was established in northern Italy to oppose the Badoglio government. On October 13, the Pakistani government, in response to the strong demands of the people, officially withdrew from the fascist alliance and declared war on Germany. At the same time, the British, American, and Soviet governments also issued a declaration recognizing Italy as a party to the common war. The fall of Mussolini and the unconditional surrender of the Badoglio government and the declaration of war on Germany marked the disintegration of the Berlin-Roman axis and was a major victory for the anti-fascist alliance. In World War II, Italy and Germany and Japan formed an axis against the Allies. In more than 1943, the Anglo-American coalition defeated German and Italian troops in the battlefield of North Africa. On July 10, the Anglo-American coalition landed in Sicily, southern Italy. At this time, Italy was in crisis. The fascist party lost trust throughout the country, and some leaders of the fascist party, such as Ciano and Boita, also began to oppose Mussolini. They met Mussolini on July 24 and asked him to hand over dictatorial power. On the 25th, Mussolini resigned and was arrested on the same day. The king appointed Chief of General Staff Badoglio to take power to organize the government. He contacted the allies and negotiated secretly. On September 3, Eisenhower and Badorio signed an armistice in Sicily, announcing Italy's withdrawal from the war. The Allies then landed in southern Italy. Germany quickly sent troops to occupy northern Italy. Badorio and the king moved the government to the south and declared war on Germany on behalf of Italy on October 13. The Germans surrendered in May 1945, liberating all of Italy. In September 1943, the Italians surrendered. On September 13, 1943, the leader of the Hitler-led SS Corzner used a small strange bird plane to kidnap Mussolini from his detention. Italian Prime Minister and Field Marshal Badoglio (right) discussed with General Taylor, the representative of the Allied forces, a joint plan to deal with the German army. The Italian King Emmanuel (left) shook hands with Mussolini cordially. After the arrest of Mo, the king said to Mussolini: "You are the most hated person in Italy."