On this day, 279 years ago, on October 17, 1746 (September 3, 1746, the lunar calendar), Hong Liangji, a pioneer of modern population theory, was born. Hong Liangji (1746~1809) was a Confucian scholar and litterateur in the Qing Dynasty. At first, it was named Lian, also known as Liji, the word Junzhi, the word Zhicun, the name Beijiang, and the later name was Gengsheng Jushi. A native of Yanghu (now Changzhou, Jiangsu). In the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong, he won the imperial examination rankings and was awarded the title of editor. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he wrote a letter to the king and minister of military affairs to discuss the current shortcomings and avoid death to defend Ili. The following year, the edict was released stating that "the crime will be bright and auspicious, and the number of people who speak about it will be less and less." He died at home for ten years. Parallel literary work, side by side with Kong Guangsen, is proficient in academia and geography. Hong Liangji's discussion on the harm of excessive population growth is actually a pioneer in modern population theory. In his life, his ancestral home was Hongkeng, She County, Anhui Province. The 37th Hong Jing was once the prefect of Datong, Shanxi. His son Hong Gongcai became Hong Liangji's grandfather and married into the Zhao family in Changzhou. He married the daughter of Zhao Xiongzhao, the champion of the forty-eighth year of Kangxi, and settled in Changzhou since then. Hong Liangji was born on September 3, 1746 (October 17) and died on May 12, 1809 (June 24). He lost his father when he was a child, studied hard, was famous for his textual research, and was especially good at geographical location. He was friendly with Huang Jingren and Sun Xingyan in Tongli, and was appreciated by Yuan Mei and Jiang Shiquan. After many years of repeated attempts, he successively served as the shogunate of Anhui Xue Zheng Zhu Yun and Shaanxi Governor Bi Yuan. In the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong (1790), at the age of 44, he finally passed the Jinshi exam with the second place in the first class. He was awarded the title of editor of the Hanlin Academy and served as the compilation officer of the National History Museum. In the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong (1792), he served as a co-examiner in the Shuntian Prefecture Rural Examination. Later, he supervised Guizhou's academic administration. During his tenure, he purchased books on classics, history, general classics, and "Selected Works" for various prefectures and academies in Guizhou, improving Guizhou's academic level. In the first year of Jiaqing (1795), he returned to Beijing to serve and entered the study room to teach his great-grandson Yichun to read. In the third year of Jiaqing (1798), Han Linlin and Zhan were examined on the topic of recruiting evil cults. Hong Liangji wrote an article and wrote thousands of words about internal and external malpractices. He was a taboo for that time, and resigned due to his brother's death and returned to his hometown. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), he was appointed by Grand Scholar Zhu Gui and participated in the compilation of "Gaozong Record". In the same year, he wrote a letter,"Begging the General to Return to Leave and Leave Prince Cheng," which angered Jiaqing, was imprisoned and sentenced to death. Later, he was changed to exile in Ili. After 100 days, he was released and returned home. From then on, I wrote at home to the end. Hong Liangji is proficient in the study of history, place, sound and rhyme, and exegesis, and is good at writing parallel prose. Hong Liangji's "Beijiang Poetry Notes" emphasizes "temperament" and "temperament" in his poetry commentary, believing that poetry should "have a different hand and eyes and write its own temperament", and appreciates Du Mu's poetry and prose can "become a different family" outside the four schools of Han, Liu, Yuan and Bai. The original spirit of "forming a unique family"; he criticized Shen Deqian's poetry of the ancients who "learned their appearance and left the spirit"("Beijiang Poetry Notes" Volume 4); Weng Fanggang criticized Weng Fanggang's poem as "like a doctor interpreting the scriptures, but he has no experience"(same as Volume 1 above). These are all desirable. In addition, he commented on ancient and contemporary poets, and was also very precise. Hong Liangji loved to travel to famous mountains and rivers all his life, and his footprints traveled all over Wu, Yue, Chu, Guizhou, Qin, Jin, Qi, Yu and other places. Therefore, his landscape poems are particularly abundant and have many excellent compositions. The "Anxi Road Middle","Tianshan Song","Walking to Toutai Snow","Forty-two Ili Chronicle Poems", etc. written during his stay in Ili, describe the scenery outside the Great Wall, which are particularly unique. The poetry writing is unique in its straight and clear quality. His parallel prose is ancient and profound, and "every article published will be passed down by the world"(Yuan Mei's "Preface to the Second Collection of Juanshi Ge Wen"), such as "Guan Guan and Bi Shi Lang Zhi","Journey to Tiantai Mountain","Jie Zi Shu", etc. are all well-known. At that time, Shu Wei's "Diandian Lu of Qianjia Poetry Circles" once commented on 108 contemporary poetry circles, and compared Hong Liangji to "Hua Monk Lu Zhishen" with heroes in Liangshanpo: "What a monk, suddenly appeared as a Bodhisattva. Sixty-two kilograms of iron meditation staff." Hong Liangji is the author of "Juanshige Poetry Collection","Fu Yuxuan Poetry Collection","Geng Shengzhai Poetry Collection","Beijiang Poetry Notes" and "Spring and Autumn Zuozhuan Gu". Opinion: On Population Hong Liangji wrote an article "Governing Peace", which put forward revolutionary views on the growth of China's population. China during the Qing Dynasty was experiencing its fastest population growth. According to statistics, during the Shunzhi period from 1651 to 1661 AD, the population of China was only 100 million. By the end of Qianlong, the population of China had reached 300 million. However, during this period, there was no significant increase in cultivated land area, which was far lower than the population growth. The average cultivated land occupied by each person dropped from five acres to two acres. Hong Liangji said: "Let's see it increased fivefold thirty years ago, tenfold sixty years ago, and twenty-fold increase a hundred or more years ago." Fields and houses "will only increase by one, or three or five times." ("Governance of Peace") Hong Liangji believes that since the growth of population far exceeds the growth of fields and houses,"the number of fields and houses is often insufficient, while the number of households and mouths is often surplus"("Governance of Peace"). At that time, when people were still numb to China's population problem, he keenly saw the seriousness of this problem. Hong Liangji's population theory coincides with the views of the British economist Malthus. He finished it in 1793, five years before Malthus.