Eighty years ago today, on November 22, 1945 (October 18, 1945 in the lunar calendar), the Indian National Army trial took place in India. In 1941, the leader of the Indian National Independence Movement, Subas Chandra-Bowes, fled to Germany after being released from prison and called up Indian volunteers in an attempt to organize an army to fight against the British. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, he arrived in Japan. In 1942, mainly Indian soldiers among the British prisoners, Indian expatriates were recruited to form three divisions with 90,000 "Indian National Army". After landing in Yangon, he attacked India from the east and was defeated by the British. Bowes died before the end of the war in 1945. After the surrender of Japan, the Indian National Army surrendered to the British Army. In November 1945, at the Red Fort in Delhi, a military court tried three officers of the Indian National Army and sentenced them to long prison terms. The Indian people regarded the Indian National Army as a fighter who used force against British colonial rule and fought for national independence. The Congress Party established a defense committee for this purpose, and demonstrations were held in Calcutta, Bombay and other places to protest the sentencing. The British colonial government continued to try other officers of the Indian National Army. In February 1946, an officer was sentenced to seven years in prison. Students and citizens of Calcutta held demonstrations and built barricades. There were bloody clashes with the police. The protest movement developed into part of the upsurge of the Indian people's struggle against British colonial rule in the early post-World War II period, with large-scale strikes across the country.