159 years ago today, on November 12th, 1866 (October 6th, 1866 in the lunar calendar), Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of the democratic revolution, was born. Sun Yat-sen was born in a poor peasant family in Cuiheng Village, Xiangshan (now Zhongshan County), Guangdong Province on November 12th, 1866 (the fifth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty), Sun Yat-sen, the great forerunner of China's modern democratic revolution. Sun Yat-sen, formerly known as Sun Wen, whose name is Deming, whose name is Rixin, was renamed Yixian. When I was a teenager, I was influenced by the tradition of Guangdong people's struggle and yearned for the revolutionary cause of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In 1892 (the 18th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty), he graduated from Hong Kong College of Western Medicine and practiced medicine in Macau. In 1894, he wrote a letter to Li Hongzhang, advocating political reform and self-improvement, but it was not adopted, so he went to Honolulu and formed the revolutionary group Xingzhonghui on November 24th. In 1895, he prepared to launch the Guangzhou Uprising, but failed because of leakage of news. In 1896, he was kidnapped by the Qing government's envoy to Britain. Fortunately, British teacher Condra rescued him. It's Winter's book "London is Hard to Remember". During his stay in Europe, he carefully studied books on politics and economy in western countries, and began to contact socialist theories, advocating that "China cannot be saved without revolution". In the autumn of 1897, he left Europe for Japan. During his stay in Japan, he used the pseudonym Zhongshan Qiao, so he took Zhongshan as his name. In 1900, Zheng Shiliang and others were sent to organize the Huizhou Uprising, but it failed again. In 1905, he contacted the revolutionaries studying in Japan in Tokyo, merged the anti-Qing groups Xingzhonghui, Huaxinghui and Guangfu Association to form the China League, and was elected as Prime Minister. It is determined that "expelling boot captives, restoring China, establishing the Republic of China, and equalizing land rights" is the revolutionary program. Later, in the speech published by People's Daily, three principles of nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood were put forward, namely, the theory of the Three People's Principles. Take People's Newspaper as the position to have a heated debate with constitutional monarchists and reformers. From 1907 to 1911 (the third year of Xuantong), the Liaison Association Party and the New Army launched eight armed uprisings, among which the Battle of the Seventy-two Martyrs in Huanghuagang on April 27, 1907 was the most famous. After the success of the Wuchang Uprising on October 10, 1911, he returned to Shanghai from Europe on December 25, and was elected as the interim president at the 16 provincial congress on the 29th. On January 1st of the following year, he went to Nanjing to be sworn in and formed the Nanjing Provisional Government of the Republic of China. During his tenure, he promulgated China's first Constitution and the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China. On February 13th, under the pressure of imperialist and feudal forces, he resigned as interim president and was replaced by Yuan Shikai. On August 25th, Tongmenghui was reorganized into the Kuomintang and promoted as its chairman. In September, it was appointed by Yuan Shikai's government as the national railway supervisor. In March, 1913, Yuan Shikai sent someone to stab Song Jiaoren to death. He angrily launched the second revolution against Yuan, which immediately failed. In 1914, he organized the Chinese Revolutionary Party in Japan and was promoted to Prime Minister. Since then, the Declaration on Yuan has been published twice, opposing Yuan Shikai's restoration of monarchy. In 1917, Duan Qirui refused to restore the National Assembly and the Provisional Law. He held an extraordinary meeting of the National Assembly in Guangzhou, organized the government to protect the law, was elected as the Grand Marshal of the Navy and Army, and vowed to the Northern Expedition. In 1918, due to the exclusion of Guangxi warlords and political departments, he was forced to resign and retire to Shanghai. The following year, he founded Weekly Review and Construction magazines, wrote the Strategy for the Founding of the People's Republic of China, published the Industrial Plan, and reorganized the Chinese Revolutionary Party into the Chinese Kuomintang. In 1921, he became the very president of the government of the Republic of China in Guangzhou. In June 1922, Chen Jiongming of the Guangdong army defected and returned to Shanghai. In 1923, three major policies were put forward: "uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party, and helping agricultural workers". In January, 1924, the first National Congress of the Kuomintang was held in Guangzhou, and the declaration of reorganization was issued. The old Three People's Principles were developed into the new Three People's Principles through the Party Program and Constitution, thus realizing the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Whampoa Military Academy was founded in June of the same year. In November, he went north to discuss the country's affairs. In the Declaration of Going North, he issued two calls for convening a national assembly internally and abolishing unequal treaties externally. He arrived in Beijing at the end of the year to resolutely fight against the Northern warlords. Due to overwork, his health deteriorated day by day, and he died of illness in Beijing on March 12, 1925. There is a will that "the revolution has not yet succeeded, and comrades still have to work hard". There are many kinds of posthumous works, including Complete Book of Zhongshan and Complete Works of Prime Minister. Selected Works of Sun Yat-sen was published in 1956, and Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen has been published successively since 1981. In 1912, Sun Yat-sen became the interim president of the Republic of China