103 years ago today, on November 4, 1922 (September 16, 1922, the Ottoman Sultan of Turkive was deposed and the empire collapsed. On November 4, 1922, in Turkey, 64 years of Ottoman rule came to an end, and Sultan Mohammed VI was deposed by the Grand Jirga in Ankara. According to the announcement, the Republican Assembly declared that "the throne of the Sultan has brought countless abuses to the country due to centuries of corruption and ignorance, and has become history." Parliament will govern the country with unanimously elected representatives known as "the people and farmers." They will elect the caliphate as their religious leader. He is expected to submit his resignation despite fierce protests from Sudan that it was illegal for the Ankara government to oust him. This huge change will undoubtedly attract close attention from the Allies at the Near East Peace Conference later this month. The founder of the Ottoman Empire (1300-1922), Osman I, came from the Kai tribe of the Ugus Turks. Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453. The Byzantine Empire fell, and during the time of Suleiman I (1520-1566), a large empire spanning Europe, Asia and Africa was formed. From the middle of the 16th century, the empire turned from prosperity to decline. Most of the sultans did not govern themselves, and power fell to the hands of the "Great Vizi"(prime minister). The Praetorian Guards participated in politics and controlled the Sudan. After 1683, they began to lose ground. By 1918, after World War I, only the Anatolian Peninsula, Istanbul and Thrace remained in the territory. In January 1921, the name was changed to Turkey.