On this day, 120 years ago, on December 14, 1905 (November 18, 1905), the Iranian Revolution broke out. From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, Iran's semi-colonization deepened, and the Qajar dynasty was aggressive, which hindered the development of national industry and commerce. And calls for a constitutional monarchy in the country were growing by enlightened gentlemen, bourgeois intellectuals and upper-class monks. Under the influence of the Russian Revolution of 1905, in December of the same year, the masses in Tehran, Shiraz, Tabriz and other places held demonstrations. On the 14th, more than 5,000 people in Tehran flocked to the mosque to take refuge, demanding the removal of the prime minister, reform of the internal affairs, convening a parliament to formulate a constitution, and the establishment of a revolutionary democratic organization and a volunteer force. The struggle lasted for 8 months. In July of the following year, under popular pressure, King Muzaffar-Oddin (reigned 1896-1907) was forced to remove the prime minister, and in August he announced the implementation of the constitution, giving way to Muhammad-Ali (reigned 1907-1909). In October, the National Assembly was convened to formulate the first constitution in Iranian history, limiting the royal power and making the parliament the highest authority. In 1907, the workers' and peasants' movement further developed, and the elected committees established in various places were active in the cities to maintain the revolutionary order. The masses of workers were also involved in the struggle, organizing "Muzahid", demanding democratic universal suffrage, confiscation of the king's land, and an 8-hour workday. In October, the king approved the supplementary regulations to the constitution, recognizing the democratic rights of the people and the legitimacy of people's organizations such as Nchumin. In December, with the support of Tsarist Russia and the United Kingdom, the National Jade sent troops to destroy the parliament and attack Nchumin in an attempt to overthrow the 1906 constitution. The whole country set off a climax of constitutional protection, the revolutionary armed forces rushed to the capital, and the king attempted to plot. In June 1908, King Muhammad Ali launched another counter-revolutionary coup, dissolved the parliament, and killed the revolutionary masses. Tehran fell into the hands of the royal army. The revolutionary center moved to Tabriz, established a new regime, demanded the restoration of the constitution, convened a parliament to fight against the attacks of reactionary forces at home and abroad, and marched into Tehran. In April 1909, Britain and Russia sent troops to intervene in the Iranian revolution In July 1911, the revolutionary army joined forces with the Bakhtiyar tribal army in southern Iran and captured Tehran. On July 16 of the same year, an extraordinary parliament was held, and the constitution was restored, the old king was deposed, and a new king, Ahd, was appointed. Shebekhdar, the landowner of Geelong, became prime minister. The new government disbanded the Fedayi forces in Tehran, attacked the revolutionary masses, and embarked on the road of anti-people. In July 1911, the former king Muhammad-Ali, who fled to Russia, recruited an army of more than 30,000 men with the support of Czarist Russia and marched on Tehran. As a result, Britain and Russia intervened directly, sending troops to invade the north and south of Iran to suppress the revolution. In December of the same year, the reactionary forces took the opportunity to launch a counter-revolutionary coup, captured the parliament building, The restoration of the Qajar dynasty brought about the failure of the Iranian bourgeois revolution, which lasted for six years.