On this day, 68 years ago, July 15, 1957 (June 18, 1957, the lunar calendar), Ma Yinchu published "New Population Theory". On July 15, 1957, the People's Daily published Ma Yinchu's "New Population Theory". Ma Yinchu is from Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province. Famous economist, demographer, and educator. After graduating from Beiyang University in Tianjin in 1906, he studied in the United States and received doctorate degrees in economics from Yale University and Colombia University in the United States. After returning to China in 1915, he served successively as provost of Peking University, dean of the Business School of Chongqing University, and professor of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiao Tong University, and Zhejiang University. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served successively as a member of the Central People's Government, deputy director of the Financial and Economic Committee of the Central People's Government Council, vice chairman of the East China Military and Political Committee, and president of Zhejiang University and Peking University. Elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the First, Second and Fifth National People's Congress; a member of the First, Second, Third and Fourth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference; and a member of the Standing Committee of the Second, Fourth and Fifth Sessions. As early as February 1957, at the 11th enlarged meeting of the Supreme State Council, Ma Yinchu put forward some views on population issues. During the Fourth Session of the First National People's Congress in June 1957, Ma Yinchu systematically stated his views. He believes that a large number of people is certainly a huge resource, but it is also a huge burden. If it is not controlled and allowed to grow blindly, it will inevitably seriously affect the development of the national economy and the improvement of people's lives. He advocated improving the quality of the population and controlling the population, and suggested taking the following measures: 1. Conduct a population census to grasp the actual situation of population growth across the country, hold demographic statistics, and determine population policies on this basis, and set population growth figures into Five-year plan; 2. Promote birth control for late marriage, adopt effective administrative and economic measures, reward birth control, and use taxation methods to restrict multiple childbearing; 3. Implementing family planning is the most effective way to control population, and the most important thing is to widely promote contraception. During this period, the social science theoretical community also held a heated discussion on population issues. During the anti-rightist struggle, Ma Yinchu's views were criticized, and many of his correct opinions and suggestions were mistakenly criticized as Neo-Malthusian population theory. This wrong criticism has had an extremely negative impact on the country's economic construction and the resolution of population problems.