On this day 99 years ago, on July 20, 1926 (the eleventh day of the sixth lunar month), Dzerzhinsky, one of the main leaders of the early Soviet Party and state, passed away.

On September 11, 1877, Dzerzhinsky was born in a small landowner aristocrat estate in Dzerzhinovo, Oshmiyannne County, Vilno Province (present-day Storbozi District, Minsk Oblast), Russian Poland. The family of Jews. In August 1887, he entered Vilno No. 1 Middle School to study. In the autumn of 1894, he joined the Vilno Social Democratic Group. In the autumn of 1895, he joined the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania, joined the internationalist left wing of the party, and led the Vilno Handicraft and Factory Apprentice Group. In April 1896, he voluntarily dropped out of Vilno Secondary School. Follow the path of professional revolutionaries. The predecessor of the Soviet KGB and the founder of the All-Russian Committee for the Suppression of Counterattacks (abbreviated as "Cheka"). The Soviet power was consolidated with the red terror of the secret police.

In March 1897, Dzerzhinsky moved from Vilno to Kovno to engage in revolutionary work, published the first issue of the Polish underground newspaper "Kovno Workers' Daily", and led the strike struggle in Aleksot (a suburb of Kovno city). In July 1897, he was arrested for the first time for whistleblowing and sentenced to three years of exile. In August 1899, he secretly fled from the exile province of Viteraka to Vilno, and later to Warsaw. Here he continued to work in the labor movement and founded the "Social Democratic Workers' Federation"; went to Vilno to negotiate with the Vilno organization on the unification of the Polish and Lithuanian Social Democrats; was elected to the organization headquarters. In January 1900, Dzerzhinsky was arrested again and sentenced to five years of exile. In June 1902, he fled in exile, returned to Warsaw, and went abroad. In August, he participated in the conference of representatives of the Polish Five and the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party in Berlin. On his initiative, the conference decided to establish the Foreign Committee of the Polish Five and the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party and publish the party's organ, the Red Banner. Dzerzhinsky was elected as a member of the party's Foreign Committee.

In July 1903, Dzerzhinsky participated in the Fourth Congress of the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania, and made a decision to unify the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania with the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. Dzerzhinsky was elected as a member of the General Executive Committee of the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania.

In April 1906, Dzerzhinsky attended the Fourth Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party and met Lenin for the first time. Arrested in December. In mid-May 1907, he was elected as a member of the Party Central Committee in absentia at the Fifth Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. At the end of May, Dzerzhinsky was released on bail. In April 1908, he was arrested again and sentenced to life exile in Siberia. At the end of 1909, escaping from exile for the third time, he secretly returned to Warsaw and then to Berlin. After that, he secretly went to Krakow, Warsaw, Lodz and other places to engage in underground revolutionary work. In September 1912, he was arrested for the sixth time and sentenced to three years of hard labor. In May 1916, he was sentenced to six years of hard labor by the Moscow High Court. He was released after the February 1917 Revolution. In October of the same year, he was elected as a member of the Revolutionary Military Headquarters led by the Party Central Committee at the enlarged meeting of the Central Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Brazzaville). He was elected as a member of the Revolutionary Military Committee by the Petrograd Soviet and was one of the organizers of the October Revolution. After the victory of the revolution, he was elected as a member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and a member of the Presidium at the Second All-Russian Congress of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Representatives. In December, based on Lenin's proposal, he served as chairman of the All-Russian Ad Hoc Committee for the Elimination of Counter-Revolutionaries and Declarations. In early 1918, he took the wrong position on the signing of the Peace of Brest and approached the "leftist Communists." In 1919, he was appointed to the Internal Affairs People's Commissar. In May 1920, he served as Logistics Minister of the Southwest Front Army. In January 1921, he served as Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee's Committee for Improving Children's Lives, in March, he served as Chairman of the Committee for Improving the Lives of Workers in Moscow, and in April, he served as Transportation People's Committee, Chairman of the All-Russian Committee for Suppression of Counter-Terrorism, and People's Committee for Internal Affairs. In September 1923, he served as Chairman of the Executive Committee of the State Political Security Bureau of the People's Committee of the Soviet Union. In February 1924, he served as Chairman of the Supreme National Economic Council of the Soviet Union. In June of the same year, he was elected Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union. In June of the same year, he was elected as an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (Bolshevik). 1924-1926 Member of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union in 1999. He died of heart disease in Moscow on July 20, 1926. He is the author of Selected Works of Dzerzhinsky, Prison Diaries and Letters, etc.

Dzerzhinsky died on July 20, 1926. Stalin's eulogy used the word "burning" to describe Dzerzhinsky's fighting life, and Dzerzhinsky's death came at a time for Stalin. Before that, he had won the long power struggle after Lenin's death. Dzerzhinsky, even if he had no achievements, would not necessarily agree with Stalin's use of the State Political Defense General Administration as a tool of alienation and deception in the struggle against dissidents in the party, even though he did not hesitate to use these methods against the enemies of the Communists. After Lenin's death, Dzerzhinsky became chairperson of the Supreme National Economic Council and chairperson of the State Political Defense General Administration. No doubt he would have opposed the attacks on "bourgeois experts" in the industrial sector, and the brutal class struggle that Stalin began in the countryside a few years later. In his "fiery speech" three hours before his death, Dzerzhinsky for the first time criticized the party apparatus so ruthlessly: "As soon as I saw our party apparatus, our organisational system, our unbelievable bureaucracy, our lax efficiency, and the state of extreme chaos, I was terrified."

Comment: Founder of the KGB. One of the most prestigious leaders of the Soviet Union.