275 years ago today, July 28, 1750 (June 25, 1750 in the lunar calendar), the German composer Bach passed away. John Sebastian Bach (J.S. Bach) John Sebastian Bach was born on March 21, 1685 in the city of Essenach, Thuringia, Germany. This is the hometown of Martin Luther, the leader of the Religious Reform Movement, and was the center of the peasant uprising led by Thomas Münzer, the leader of the peasant uprising in the 16th century. People living in this small town love music very much. It is said that the words "Music often echoes in our town" were engraved on its ancient gate. Bach came from a respected musical family. His great-grandfather baker Feit Bach was a music fan and even brought his beloved Zitra (a plucked string instrument popular in Germany) when he went to the mill to grind dough. His great-grandfather Johannes (circa 1580-1626) was a well-known musician. Johannes's eldest son, John (1604-1673), was the first composer of the Bach family, and three of his works are still in existence, which vividly reflect the social landscape during the Thirty Years War; the second son, Talisdorf (1613-1661), was Bach's grandfather and a musician; the third son, Heinrich, was also a famous musician. Bach's father was a violinist in the city of Essenach. Bach is in the fifth generation. Bach's sons were also famous musicians. Over the past two hundred years, more than 50 musicians have appeared in the Bach family, so that Bach's surname has become synonymous with musicians in the local area. The last member of the Bach family died in 1871, and this great line ended. This family has lived in the small states gathered in the Lingen Mountains on the central map of Germany all year round, and rarely heard about the outside world. They took music as their profession, and like the habits of blacksmiths, tailors and other industries at that time, they were passed down from generation to generation. Most of them work as church organists, school music teachers and church hymns team leaders. Occupations such as a player in urban public organizations. Most of the people who interact with this family are craftsmen. They always hold family gatherings in Thuringia every year. At the party, they have dinner, dance, sing, and discuss work. Bach was influenced by music from an early age and grew up in a national and mass musical life. At the same time, his father, Ambrosius Bach, taught him the art of music. At the age of seven, Bach attended a Latin school attached to the local church and was an outstanding student. He also joined student hymns, sang religious songs at festivals, and at weddings and funerals to earn money for school fees. At the age of nine, Bach's parents unfortunately passed away one after another. His long-term adviser, John Khristov (1671 - 1721), took him to the city of Ordruf, where he went to school and learned music from his brother. Not only did he have excellent academic performance, but he also showed outstanding singing skills. Young Bach's love for music grew day by day. He began to be dissatisfied with his brother's craftsman teaching. His endless questions also annoyed his brother. It is said that his brother had manuscripts of the works of the most famous German music masters of the time, Hanrobgel (1616-1667) and Kyle (1627-1693). Little Bach wanted to see these scores several times, but his brother refused. But driven by a strong desire for knowledge, Bach quietly got up every time in the dead of night, took out these scores from the bookcase, and copied them under the moonlight. Just like that, I copied it, alone, half a year passed, and he finally finished it. One day, when his brother found out about this, he ruthlessly snatched these hard-earned music scores from his children... Indomitable character and indomitable spirit. Hard and diligent self-study leads to future success. Bach devoted all his energy to the practice of playing violin, clavichord, and especially the organ. His brother was a disciple of the great German musician Pachbel (1653-1700) at that time. Through his brother, Bach learned Pachbel's style, which had a significant influence on his future creation. Five years passed in a flash in Ordruf. When my brother had his fifth child. Bach, who had long had a long-cherished wish to live an independent life, left his brother's home and came to Lunaiburg alone. He was only fifteen years old at this time. Luneiburg is the center of religious singing and music in northern Germany, and the children's choir here is quite excellent. With his wonderful singing voice and dexterous violin, clavichord, and organ playing skills, young Bach was admitted to the "Excellent Singer" choir affiliated to St. Michel's Church in Lunaiburg, and he also studied in the school. Although you can get some meager salaries here, you still have to sing on the streets with your classmates. The library here contains many works by ancient German and Italian musicians. Bach plunged into it and studied these manuscripts wholeheartedly, which greatly broadened Bach's musical horizons. He also interacted with another famous composer and organist Baum in another church, asked him for advice, and went to Hamburg more than once to listen to Baum's teacher and organist master Reinken, and listened to the operas of the German opera composer Kaiser (1674-1739). In order to study French music, he went to the court of Chelle as a temporary musician, thus coming into contact with the string music of the French composer Luli (1632-1687) and listening to many French clavichord music performances. Like a sponge, Bach tried his best to absorb and integrate the artistic achievements of various European genres at that time, and angrily studied hard to become an outstanding performer, instrument appraiser and composer. Later, when someone asked how Bach's art reached such a perfect state, he replied seriously and simply: "This is because I have worked hard. Anyone who works hard like me will reach the same state." Bach's musical works are vast. Although most of them have been lost, there are still many left, with more than 500 pieces. There are many composers with prolific works in the history of music, but to this day, there are very few people who can compare with them in the music world. In addition to opera, Bach's creation involved all the music composers of the time. Among them, the most vocal works are composed, with more than 300 religious cantuses, more than 20 secular cantuses, and three crucifixions (vocal music based on the account of the crucifixion of Jesus in the Gospels of the Bible). As well as oratorio (a large-scale vocal repertoire with dramatic and epic content) and Mass (a vocal concert in the polyphonic style used in the Catholic Church) (Among them,"Mass in B Minor" is the most famous), hymn (a hymn sung by the church, which is a mixed chorus of four chorus songs. After the 16th century, it was converted into instrumental music or oratorio.) Wait. Instrumental works include organ music, clavichord music, six Brandenburg Concerto, four orchestral suites, as well as piano concertos for one or more pianos, violin concerto accompanied by a band, unaccompanied violin sonata, unaccompanied cello suite, flute sonata, etc. Bach's musical works cover all fields of music at the time except opera (this is completely different from Handel, whose path to success began with opera). Although most of the works have long been lost, more than 500 are still preserved. Among them, the main representative works include: "Equal-tempered Piano Music Collection"(The Well-TemperedClavier), The Art of Fugue (The Art of Fugue), Brandenburg Concerto (brandenburgConcertos)6, 2 "Violin Concerto", 6 "Unaccompanied Violin Sonatas and Suite", 6 "Unaccompanied Violin Sonatas and Suite","French Suite","British Suite","Peasant Cantata"(PeasantCantata),"Coffee Cantata","Matthauspassion","Mass in B Minor", etc. Comments: Music families like Bach are rare in history