On this day, 167 years ago, on May 28, 1858 (April 16, 1858, the lunar calendar), the first unequal treaty between China and Russia, the China-Russia Treaty of Yihui, was signed. On May 28, 1858, Qing Jiangshan and Tsarist Siberian Governor Muravyov signed the "China-Russia Treaty of Righteous", ceding more than 600,000 square kilometers of China territory to Tsarist Russia. The Treaty of Aihui was the first unequal treaty between China and Russia that Tsar Russia forced the Qing government to sign. Shihui means "mother mink" in Manchu. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, the Shihui area was once famous for producing mink. The old city of Mihui, built in the Ming Dynasty, is located in the east of Heilongjiang and is historically known as Mihui in Jiangdong. Due to the inconvenience of communicating with the mainland across Heilongjiang, the Qing government rebuilt the city on the west bank of the river 12 kilometers downstream of the old Yihui, and the General's Yamen also moved here. Compared with Jiangdong Yihui, this place was called Jiangxi Yihui, also known as Heilongjiang City or Yihui New City. The Treaty of Yihui was signed on May 28, 1858 in Yihui New City. During the Second Opium War, Tsar Russia took advantage of the situation and blackmailed the Qing government to forcibly cede large areas of northeastern and northwest China. In 1689, China and Russia signed the Treaty of Nibachu, and after the eastern border between China and Russia was clearly demarcated, although the Tsarist Russian aggressive forces withdrew from the area north of Heilongjiang, they were always waiting for the opportunity to make a comeback. After the First Opium War, China began to degenerate into a semi-colonial society. Tsarist Russia believed that a new opportunity had come to embezzle China's territory and stepped up its plunder of my country's northeastern and northwestern territories. In 1850, the so-called "expedition" of Tsarist Russia forcibly occupied Temple Street. In 1856, the Tsarist Russian government brazenly announced the establishment of a "coastal province" with Temple Street as the center, covering a large area in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang. At the same time, the tsarist Russian invading army also invaded the northern bank of the lower reaches of the Haratar River and the Ili River on the western border of China, and established the Baipar Fort in 1847. Later, he occupied China's territory between the south bank of the lower reaches of the Ili River and the Chu River, and then expanded the aggressive forces to Rehe (Issyk Lake) in China. The Vilno Fortress, illegally established by Tsarist Russia in 1854, later became an important stronghold for invading China. The Tsarist Russian army forcibly built a 700-kilometer-long fortress line between the Vilno Fortress in Nanda on the Ayagus River. A large area of China territory east of Lake Balkhash was occupied. After forcibly occupying a large area of our country's Heilongjiang Province, Tsarist Russia attempted to coerce the Qing government to admit a fait accompli. On 8, 1857, it sent Admiral Putiyatin to Tianjin on a military ship to make a request to the Qing government to use Heilongjiang and Wusuli Rivers as a boundary. It was called a "diplomatic expedition", which was rejected by the Qing government. However, tsarist Russia did not give up and went to the south to collude with Britain, France and the United States. In 1858, when the British and French allied forces captured Dagu and threatened Beijing, they used force to force the Qing government to sign an unequal treaty-the "Treaty of Chihui." The treaty stipulates that: (1) Chinese territory (more than 600,000 square kilometers) north of Heilongjiang and south of the Outer Xing 'an Mountains shall be transferred to Russia;(2) the sixty-four villages in the east of the Yangtze River will still be "permanently inhabited" by the Chinese people and managed by Chinese officials, and the Russians shall be "inviolable";(3) Chinese territory east of the Wusuli River shall be designated as "jointly managed" by China and Russia. The barbaric occupation of Tsarist Russia aroused great indignation among the China people. In August 1900, in Kalun Mountain, Yihui, Kuang 'anling, Daling and other places, patriotic soldiers and civilians fought back heroically against the invaders. After arduous struggle, they finally recovered the fallen Yihui. After the organization and reconstruction of the then deputy commander Yao Fusheng, the ancient city of Yihui stood tall in the northern border of the motherland. In 1956, according to the regulations of the State Council,"Aihui" was changed to "Aihui".