Twenty-seven years ago today, on July 14, 1998 (May 21, 1998), El Niño devastated the world. The Consequences of El Niño In 1998, the global climate was generally abnormal, and an important reason was the phenomenon commonly known as "El Niño". So where does El Niño phenomenon come from? El Niño phenomenon is also known as El Niño event. According to the World Ocean Organization (WOO), the phenomenon of abnormal increase in sea temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean is called El Niño. "El Niño" is Spanish, and it originally means "El Niño". As early as the 18th century, fishermen in Peru and Ecuador discovered that the production of turtle fish dropped sharply every few years, and the timing of the sharp decline showed a strong regularity, almost concentrated around "Christmas" (December 25). Locals call this phenomenon "El Niño" to express their devotion to Jesus Christ. In fact, it is now known as the El Niño phenomenon. The drop in fishing is due to the sudden increase in sea temperature caused by the return of the Pacific Ocean sea temperature to the coast of South America. Schools of fish cannot tolerate this heat flow, either dying in the ocean or disappearing in foreign countries. It has been more than two centuries since humans first noticed the El Niño phenomenon. Scientists now realize that this phenomenon does not just affect fishermen in Peru and Ecuador, but is a large-scale climate anomaly that originates in the tropical Pacific Ocean and then affects a third or even half of the planet. El Niño is the result of the interaction of atmospheric circulation and ocean circulation. The land area on the earth's surface accounts for only a quarter of the total area, but the water area accounts for three quarters. Take the Pacific Ocean, the largest of the four oceans on earth, which covers an area of 179.86 million square kilometers (35% of the earth's total area of 511 million square kilometers). When it comes to the sea, people naturally think of the phrase "three-foot waves without wind", which means that the sea is a constantly moving fluid, tidal movement, tsunami outbreaks, etc. are all examples of the endless movement of the sea; but macroscopically speaking, the ocean circulation is one of the main forms of movement. Take the Pacific Ocean as an example, there are mainly two major circulation, north and south. The northern circulation is clockwise, which consists of the North Equatorial Warm Current, Taiwan Warm Current, Northern Ocean Warm Current, and California Cold Current. The southern circulation is counterclockwise, and it consists of the South Equatorial Warm Current, the East Australian Warm Current, the West Wind Drift, and the Peruvian Cold Current. In addition, the earth's surface is also covered by a thick layer of gas, which is what people call the atmosphere. The direction of the atmosphere perpendicular to the earth's surface can be divided into the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and outer atmosphere. Most of the main weather phenomena occur in the troposphere. The atmosphere is also a fluid that is constantly moving, so there are many spectacular weather scenes on the earth, such as wind and rain, lightning and lightning. The atmosphere can also form circulation, which flows on a large scale of domestic circulation. Due to the direct contact between the atmosphere and the sea surface, these two types of circulation (atmospheric circulation and ocean circulation) interact. Four strong El Niños occurred in 1957-1958, 1972-1973, 1976, and 1982-1983. The strong El Niño phenomenon that occurred in 1982-1983 was rare, not only lasting for a long time, but also affecting a wide range. According to incomplete statistics, in 1982 alone, more than 1,000 people died in this natural disaster, economic losses amounted to more than 8 billion US dollars, Australia lost more than 3 billion US dollars, and the fishing kingdom Peru saw a significant decline in fishing. Even Europe and Africa, which are far from the Pacific Ocean, have been affected to varying degrees. Our country has a vast territory, spanning four temperate regions of tropical, subtropical, temperate and cold zones, and is located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, so El Niño phenomenon inevitably affects the climate of our country. Figures show that shrimp production, which is abundant in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of our country, is closely related to El Niño phenomenon. Whenever an El Niño phenomenon occurs, shrimp production decreases significantly, with an average decrease of 30%. In the strongest El Niño year, 1982, shrimp production was only 1/7 of the high-yield years (1956 and 1979). In addition, the drought in the south and the flood in our country in 1982 reduced grain production by billions of catties, which was also caused by El Niño. Scientists in our country also found that: when the El Niño phenomenon occurred, the precipitation in the flood season in Hunan the following year was too large, and its statistical significance level was above 99%; in the summer of the year when the El Niño phenomenon occurred (June-August), the temperature in Northeast China was mostly low (with exceptions), and the summer temperature of the following year was slightly lower than the average. It can be seen that our country's climate is also within the scope of El Niño.