704 years ago today, on September 14, 1321 (August 22, 1321, the European medieval writer Dante passed away. Alighelli Dante September 14, 1321 was the day when Dante, a great figure in the historical period of the transformation of medieval feudalism to modern capitalism in Europe, passed away. His epic "Divine Comedy" is a world-famous masterpiece. In June 1265, Dante was born in a declining small aristocratic family in Florence. At that time, Florence was Italy's most prosperous handicraft and cultural center. Dante was diligent and studious in his youth. He studied Latin, poetry, rhetoric, classical literature, ethics, philosophy, theology, history, astronomy, geography, music, and painting, making him a versatile and knowledgeable person in his youth. Italy in the 13th century was politically divided. The north was nominally part of the Holy Roman Empire, but the sky was high and the Holy Roman Emperor was far away. The Holy Roman Emperor could not rule this place. There were still many states, and the one who really had real power was the Pope of Italy. At that time, there were two parties in Florence, one called the Wilfer Party, which represented the interests of the citizen class and the small urban aristocracy and advocated relying on the Pope to unify Italy. The other was called the Jiberin Party, which represented the feudal aristocrats and was also known as the Emperor Party. The struggle between the two parties is fierce. Dante joined the Wilfer Party in his youth. At the age of 24, he participated in the battle against the Gibpling Party, which was the beginning of his political struggle. In 1266, the Wilfer Party defeated the Ghibelin Party and took control of power in Florence. Dante attended the highest council in Florence as a representative of the Guild of Doctors and Pharmacists and was appointed one of six magistrates. Engage in building a Republican regime. Later, the Wilfer Party split into the Black Party, which represented the interests of aristocrats, and the White Party, which represented the interests of bankers and businessmen. Dante sided with the White Party. In 1302, the Black Party came to power with the support of the Pope, and the White Party persecuted it. Dante was sentenced to life exile for refusing to confess guilt. During his exile, Dante traveled around many cities and was extensively exposed to the reality of Italy's turmoil and the difficult life of the civilian class. He deepened his understanding of Italy, strengthened his political ideals, and refused to surrender to reactionary forces. The reactionary forces promised him that he could be pardoned as long as he took an oath of confession and paid taxes. But he refused and eventually died in exile. His works include: "Feast"(1304 - 1307) annotated his poems, introduced ancient and modern cultural knowledge, and provided spiritual food. "On Common Words"(1304 - 1305) discusses the historical evolution and characteristics of the Italian language, criticizes the prejudice of medieval literati in praising Latin, and lays a theoretical foundation for the development of the Italian national language. "On the Imperial System"(1310 - 1313) elaborated on the idea of separation of church and state and mutual equality. The writing of the great epic "Divine Comedy" began in the early years of exile (about 1307) and was completed shortly before his death. It is divided into three parts: "Hell","Purgatory" and "Paradise", each with 33 songs, plus overtures, making a total of 100 songs, totaling 14233 lines. The work takes the poet himself as the protagonist and describes his travels to the three realms of hell, purgatory and heaven under the guidance of the ancient Roman poets Virgil and Beatrice respectively. "The Divine Comedy" profoundly reflects the historical changes in the era of transition from the feudal Middle Ages to modern capitalism, reveals the dawn of humanistic thought in the new era, and at the same time extensively describes the conditions in various fields of social politics and cultural life at that time. Therefore, it is also an encyclopedic masterpiece. Dante condemned the Church's evil of interfering in secular politics and undermining Italian unity, and criticized the greed, arrogance and corruption of the cleric class. He abandoned the medieval concept of God and emphasized that human beings are endowed with reason and free will and should work hard to create their own destiny. "The Divine Comedy" criticizes medieval obscurantism, advocates the study of culture, the pursuit of virtue and knowledge, and praises human talents and wisdom. The poet also put forward severe criticisms of feudal lords who preyed on the people, corrupt officials who ran amok, usurers who exploited heavy profits, and the citizen class who chased money. The poem also reflects that Dante did not completely escape the shackles of medieval thoughts and theological concepts. The "Divine Comedy" has a grand and meticulous structure, vivid and powerful depiction of objects, and a rigorous and beautiful rhythm. Its original name is "Comedy", which means that the work has a bright and happy ending. In order to express their reverence for the poet, later generations called the work "sacred" Comedy ", and the Chinese version was commonly known as" The Divine Comedy ". The 1958 Italian version of Commedia (Divine Comedy) is a long poem by the Italian poet Dante Alighieri (AD 1265-AD 1321). Written between 1307 and 1321, the poem is divided into three parts: Inferno (Hell), Purgatorio (Purgatorio (Purgatory) and Paradiso (Paradise). It condemns the rule of the Church, but still does not escape the Christian theology perspective. Dante's work "Divine Comedy" cover in the first person to describe his own 35 years old (halfway through life) into a dark forest (symbol of sin), at the foot of a hill, there are three beasts blocking the way, a female wolf (symbol of greed), a lion (symbol of ambition), a leopard (symbol of pleasure), another said that they symbolize the Pope, the French king and Florentine respectively. When he cried for help, Virgil's spirit appeared and said to him,"You cannot defeat these three beasts, I will show you another path." Lead him through hell, purgatory, and then hand him over to the soul of Bayard, the lover of Allegheny Dante's unrequited love, and take him to heaven until he meets God. In the world he describes, hell is a large funnel centered in Jerusalem, narrowing from top to bottom, the more sinful the souls it controls, until the earth's core, where Satan holds the top of the funnel, and they climb through the earth's core from the devil's tail, and on the other side is purgatory. Purgatory is like a high mountain. In the sea on the other side of the earth opposite Jerusalem, souls confess and purify their sins. The mountain is divided into seven levels, symbolizing the seven great sins. Each level you rise will eliminate one sin, and you can reach the top of the mountain to reach heaven. Heaven is divided into nine layers. The higher the soul, the higher it is. Until you cross the nine heavens, there is the real heaven. The Virgin Mary and all rescued souls are located. With the permission of the Virgin Mary, you can have a glimpse of the Trinity God. On the way through hell, purgatory, and heaven, Alighelli Dante talked with the famous souls he met, including many famous figures in history, good and bad. He incorporated the characters he admired and hated into various parts, sending the Pope and even some Florentines he hated into hell. Some details are not recorded in the Bible, but they were invented by him himself, but they are also logical. It also includes many of his insights on theological issues and systematically expounds Christianity's view of the world.