124 years ago today, October 1, 1901 (August 19, 1901 in the lunar calendar), King Abdul Rahman Khan of Afghanistan passed away. Abdul Rahman Khan, King of Afghanistan (1880 - 1901), grandson of Dost Mohammed Khan. In the struggle for the throne, his father Afzal Khan was defeated, and Abdul Rahman fled to Bukhara in 1869. During the Second Anglo-Arab War, with the instigation and support of the Russians, he returned to Afghanistan from Central Asia in 1880 and reached a compromise with the British colonists (see Afghanistan's Anti-British War). After the British army withdrew, he defeated the Afghan people's anti-British armed forces on the one hand, and ruthlessly attacked local feudal separatist forces on the other hand to ensure domestic unity. He confiscated the land of the Islamic Church and some chiefs, deported some chiefs, reorganized government institutions, strengthened central power, and unified weights, measures and currency systems. These measures have weakened local separatist forces and thus facilitated the development of commercial trade. In addition, internal affairs reforms were implemented, foreign experts were hired, foreign military machinery was introduced, and the first modern hospital was established. After the 1870s, the British began to invade the independent tribal areas of the Patan ethnic group on the border between India and Afghanistan. They met with heroic resistance from these tribal people. Abdul Rahman Khan sympathized with the struggle of these tribes and provided them with various support. In September 1885, an agreement was reached with Russia on the northwest border of Afghanistan. Under strong military and diplomatic pressure from Britain, he was forced to accept the "Duran Line" as the border between India and Afghanistan in 1893. He died on October 1, 1901. Abdul Rahman Khan has written the book "Autobiography", which describes his life and his views on Afghanistan's internal affairs and diplomacy. Comment: Made certain contributions to the unified development of the country