Robert Schumann (1810-1856), German composer and music critic. Born in Saxony to a family of Zwickau booksellers. He studied piano and composition at an early age. During his high school years, he was deeply influenced by Romantic literature. He studied law at the University of Leipzig and the University of Heidelberg. In 1830, he switched to a music career and dedicated himself to composition and music criticism. He wrote a large number of piano works between 1830 and 1840, showing his creative talent. In 1834, he founded the "New Music" in Leipzig and wrote a large number of music criticism articles, promoting the artistic claims of democracy and progress, and opposing the outdated and vulgar philistine ethos. He has composed more than 100 vocal pieces. As well as symphonies, concertos, chamber music, dramatic music, etc. The works are distinctly romantic, full of fantasy and lyricism. In 1843, he taught at the Leipzig Conservatory. From 1848 to 1849, during the bourgeois-democratic revolution, he wrote the male chorus "Take Up Arms", "Black, Red, Gold", "Song of Liberty", etc. In 1850, he served as the conductor of the Düsseldorf Symphony Orchestra and Choir. In 1854, he suffered a mental illness outbreak and later died in a mental hospital. Representative works include: piano diversions "Butterfly", "Carnival", "Symphonic Etudes", "Childhood Scenarios", vocal diversions "Women's Love and Life", "Poet's Love" (Heine's poem), Symphony No. 1 in B flat major "Spring", Symphony No. 4 in D minor, Overture "Manfred", Piano Concerto in A minor, etc.

Butterfly Schumann