113 years ago today, on November 3, 1912 (September 25, 1912 lunar calendar), Tsarist Russia forced Outer Mongolia to sign the "Russian-Mongolian Entente". On November 3, 1912, the supreme leader of politics and religion in Outer Mongolia, Dzebuzundamba, defied the solemn statement of the Chinese government that it did not recognize the independence of Outer Mongolia, and forced the puppet government of Outer Mongolia to sign the "Russian-Mongolian Entente", claiming that "Mongolia's past relations with China have been terminated", stipulating that the Russian government "assists Mongolia's autonomy" and enjoys privileges in Mongolia. The "Russian-Mongolian Agreement" stipulates that Russia supports Mongolian autonomy and helps Mongolia train its troops; Chinese troops are not allowed to enter Mongolia, not only Han people immigrate; Mongolia may not violate or modify the conditions of this covenant and its annexes no matter what country it has entered into a contract with. The "Articles of Commerce" give Russians the freedom to live and move around Mongolia, operate industry and commerce, trade duty-free, rent and buy land, open banks, establish postal services, and enjoy consular judgments. On November 7, the Chinese government issued a statement that it would not recognize any treaties between Russia and the rebel groups in Outer Mongolia. Once the news of the signing of the "Russia-Mongolia Agreement" spread, the national public opinion was huge, and the revolutionaries unanimously accused Yuan Shikai of the Beijing government of being unable to deal with it, and insisted that it should not be recognized. All political groups across the country also sent electricity to denounce the Russian aggression. "Save Mongolia" and "Boycott Regiment" were established in various places to boycott Russian loans, not serve Russians, and refuse to use Russian currency. The Federation of Mongol Princes, with Prince Nayantu as its president, also issued a "Notice" against the "Russian-Mongolian Agreement" on the 15th. On the 23rd, the six leaders of the Inner Mongolia League jointly called the government and announced that the "Russian-Mongolian Agreement" "humiliates the people and loses their rights" and "has nothing to do with the whole of Mongolia." King Gongsannorbu, vice president of the Mongolian Tibet Bureau, held a press conference to once again express the calls of the Mongolian flags to oppose the "Russian-Mongolian Agreement". On the 16th, Sun Yat-sen called the Provisional Senate to oppose the "Russian-Mongolian Agreement". On November 5, 1913, Yuan Shikai's government signed the "Sino-Russian Declaration Document" with Czarist Russia, ratifying the "Russian-Mongolian Agreement" and its annexes, and "recognizing the autonomy of Outer Mongolia."