On August 1, 2015 (June 17, 2015 lunar calendar), our country will launch the largest survey of the national conditions of the elderly. The National Office on Aging announced on July 28 that with 0:00 on August 1, 2015 as the standard time point, 40,000 investigators will enter villages and households to conduct the fourth sampling survey of the living conditions of the elderly in urban and rural China for a period of one month. Wang Jianjun, executive deputy director of the National Office on Aging, said that the fourth survey achieved the national survey goal for the first time, and the total sampling ratio of the elderly was 1/1000. A total of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and cities, 466 counties and districts of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, 1,864 townships and 7,456 villagers and residents committees participated in the survey, and the sample size reached 223,680. What type of household registration do you have? Which of the following medical benefits do you enjoy? If necessary, where would you most like to receive care services? Do you feel lonely? These are the questions in the fourth questionnaire that can directly reflect the living conditions of the elderly in urban and rural areas. The fourth questionnaire includes the basic situation of the elderly, family status, health status, care and care status, economic status, livable environment status, social participation status, micro-power status and spiritual and cultural life status. The latest data show that by the end of 2014, the elderly population over 80 years old in our country rose to 24 million at an average annual growth rate of 1 million people, the disabled and semi-disabled population grew to 35 million, the elderly with chronic diseases continued to increase, and the empty-nested population continued to rise. The scale of the elderly population has exceeded 100 million. The old age of orphaned and widowed empty-nest parents In our country, the proportion of adult children living with the elderly in rural areas has dropped to 40%, and empty-nesters have to bear heavy labor. Raising children is no longer anti-aging. The coverage rate of rural social pension security is only 34.6%, the average monthly pension is 74 yuan/person, and the construction of rural nursing homes is far behind. Compared with urban areas, the elderly in rural China are more vulnerable. Yang Caifeng, female, born in 1945 in Gaoshan Town, Yichuan County, Henan Province. She has two daughters and one son. The eldest daughter is too busy to take care of herself after getting married. The second daughter is a little silly and suffers from epilepsy. In recent years, she has been living in her mother's family. More than 20 years ago, her only son went to Guizhou to work, and later became a door-to-door son-in-law there. He has only come back once or twice in the past 10 years. Yang Caifeng said: "The round-trip train ticket is too expensive. I told him that when your father dies, you will be hit!" Her husband, Liu Hongbin, has been in bed since he was paralyzed by a cerebral hemorrhage eight years ago. Picking up firewood, boiling water, cooking and feeding meals, cleaning up the excrement and urine of his wife, and caring for the life of his silly daughter. This is what 67-year I really can't imagine, if one day I fall down, what will happen to my paralyzed wife and my daughter? "Nowadays, 67-year-old Yang Caifeng lives on more than 140 yuan a month from herself and her wife, and gives more than one mu of the family to her eldest daughter to grow, and her daughter will bring her some food every year. Yang Gulang, 60 years old, from Dongzigou Village, Gaoshan Town, Yichuan County, Henan Province. Her husband passed away more than 10 years ago. There are 2 sons and 1 daughter. The eldest son's family went to Xinjiang to work and settle down. The second son accidentally beat someone to death four years ago because of a dispute over a homestead, and is still in custody. Yang Gulang cried and said that the house had not been built yet, and the second son had an accident. "I want to sell my kidney and see if I can exchange my second son!" Yang Gulang participated in the new rural cooperative medical insurance, but because her children and grandchildren did not participate in the new agricultural insurance, according to regulations, she could not participate in and enjoy the new rural social endowment insurance. The new rural insurance that the Chinese government is promoting is particularly beneficial to the elderly in rural areas, but because the elderly over the age of 60 receive insurance benefits, the premise is that their children and grandchildren must participate in the insurance, and many young and middle-aged rural people who work outside the country are not very active in participating in the insurance. Objectively, many elderly people over the age of 60 whose children are not insured cannot receive pensions. Unable to farm, Yang Gulang rented out the land and got a rent of 400 yuan per year; the family raised more than a dozen chickens and sold eggs for tens of yuan per month; the eldest son sent her one or two hundred yuan per month. This is all her source of livelihood. After her second son was imprisoned, Yang Gulang applied for a minimum allowance for three consecutive years, but has not been approved so far. Jia New Year, male, born in 1943; his wife Wang Lanxiang, born in 1945. From Longtangou Village, Songxian County, Henan Province. Now, the two elderly people and their granddaughter rely on the government's minimum allowance of about 200 yuan per month to make a living. Because his wife Wang Lanxiang is blind, she can't do anything. All the farming and housework such as farming and raising cattle have to work alone in the New Year. They once had three sons, but the eldest son died of lung disease when he was about to get married at the age of 22, and the younger son died at the age of one and a half. Finally, two years ago, the second son, 35, died of kidney disease, leaving his parents and wife and daughter behind. The pain of losing her child again and again made Wang Lanxiang cry for many years, and finally she cried blind, "Is there something wrong with me, and the children can't live?" The second son left the second old man with a granddaughter, Jia Hongyan, born in 2004, who is in the third grade of primary school this year. She is the second old man's only hope. Jia New Year said: "I now hope that the little granddaughter will grow up soon! Otherwise, if I can't get up one day, what will they do?" Fan Yunhan, male, born in 1934, is a native of Dongdasu Village, Xiaolangdi Township, Mengjin County, Henan Province. He has one son and two daughters, and his family works in Shanghai. Both daughters are mentally retarded. One of them died several years ago, and the other daughter married to another village. This year he began to enjoy the minimum allowance, which can be paid 72 yuan per month. At the age of 78, he is now suffering from emphysema and kidney disease, and his hands and feet are swollen. His son once returned to his hometown for a few days to take him to the hospital for examination and then rushed to Shanghai. Because he has children and daughters, he does not meet the conditions for living in a nursing home, so he can only live alone at home. On weekdays, he shakes and cooks by himself. When he is too ill to get out of bed, distant relatives living in the same village will bring him a bowl of rice every day to satisfy his hunger He said: "I'm just waiting to die at home now, and I'm afraid that no one will know when I stretch my legs!" Chang Transit, male, 66 years old, from Yuanzhuang Village, Hengshui Town, Mengjin County, Henan Province, never married in his life, no children and no daughters. In the past two years, under the mobilization of village cadres, Chang Transit has been living in a nursing home intermittently, but he always came out soon, "I don't want to live in a nursing home, there are old people holding back their grievances!" At present, the government has set up nursing homes in most townships, but the scope of adoption for the elderly is limited to the elderly who are orphaned and widowed, five-guarantee households, and the elderly with disabilities and dementia. Moreover, the service is backward. Many elderly people do not want to "escape" from the nursing home due to their "captive" Ning Cuilian, 76 years old, is from Zhuangzi Village, Miaozi Town, Luanchuan County, Henan Province. Her wife has passed away for 22 years. She has five daughters and one son. The daughters have been married off one after another. The youngest son is in his twenties this year. He goes out to work, and only Ning Cuilian lives alone in the family. Ning Cuilian is still in good health, and she grows wheat and corn on more than one mu of the family. Usually, she always goes up the mountain to dig for medicinal materials such as Wubei and Forsythia. "In the right season, you can earn about 200 yuan by digging for medicine." This money is very attractive to the elderly who live alone. Her wish is to save some money to clean up the house so that her son can come back to live when he starts a family. Ning Cuilian would also go up the mountain to chop bamboo to make small handicrafts and sell them in nearby tourist attractions for 1 or 2 yuan each. This kind of life made the old lady very satisfied, but she didn't dare to think about what to do if she lost her health one day. Now in rural areas, the Chinese pension model of relying on children for care has gradually collapsed, and more and more empty-nesters are testing the construction of the pension system.