202 years ago today, on December 2, 1823 (November 1, 1823), the Monroe Manifesto was published. Statue of Monroe, April 28, 1758 - July 4, 1831 On December 2, 1823, James Monroe, the 5th President of the United States, delivered an important foreign policy statement in the form of a "message to Congress" - the Monroe Declaration, later known as the "Monroe Doctrine". At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Latin American independence movement flourished. Spain, supported by the "Holy Alliance" in Europe, tried to restore its colonies in America. Britain and the countries of the "Holy Alliance" also actively intervened in Latin America. Monroe made this message under the pretext of preventing European countries from interfering in Latin American affairs. The message declared: "It is impossible for the Allied countries to extend their political systems to any part of the Americas without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that the people of our fraternal countries of the South can establish the political systems they desire without assistance, so it is equally impossible for us to let the European powers interfere with them in any way without asking questions." And put forward the slogan "America is America for Americans". This foreign policy of Monroe was mainly to stop the aggression of European powers against Latin America and to consolidate the independence of Latin American countries. But it should also be seen that this declaration also created a pretext for the United States to invade Latin America. It provided a shield for the United States to control and plunder Latin America under the guise of "aid" in the future, and became a tool for the United States to establish a "backyard" in Latin America.