On December 17, 1637, the Shimabara Rebellion broke out in Japan. On that day, tens of thousands of Catholics in the original area of Kyushu Island, Japan, revolted against the oppression and religious persecution of the shogunate and lord Katsuya Matsukura, led by Shizumi Amakusa Shiro, who was only 16 years old. The insurgents quickly occupied Hara Castle in the southern part of the Shimabara Peninsula and erected crosses on the city.

Comments: The largest peasant uprising in the Edo period made the establishment of the Futokugawa shogunate feel a crisis, and the Matsukura family was eventually dismissed.