On this day, 89 years ago, on June 18, 1936 (April 29, 1936, the lunar calendar), Soviet writer Gorky passed away. Maxim Gorky On June 18, 1936, Maxim Gorky, the founder of Soviet proletarian literature, died. Gorky's original name was Zysei Makhimovich Pishkov. He was born on March 28, 1868 into a carpenter family in Nizhny Novgorod (present-day Gorky City). Gorky had only two years of schooling in his childhood, and was forced to make a living by himself at the age of 10. He successively worked as a ship handyman, restaurant waiter, baker, docker, watchman, railway porter, and pound driver. During this period, he read many books by self-study. In 1889, Gorky was arrested for participating in revolutionary activities in Nizhny Novgorod. In 1892, he published his first short story,"Makar Chudra", and began to use the pseudonym "Maxim-Gorky"("Gorky" means "painful"). In 1901, Gorky published the famous poem "Song of the Haiyan", in which he shouted: "Let the storm come more violently! "He compared the proletariat to a Haiyan who bravely fought against the stormy winds and waves, indicating that the torrent of revolution was coming. This was a widely circulated "revolutionary manifesto" at that time. In 1902, Gorky was elected an honorary academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 1905, he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. In November of the same year, he met Lenin for the first time in Petrograd. In the early 20th century, Gorky joined and led the Knowledge Publishing House, uniting many writers with democratic tendencies. After the October Revolution, Gorky organized and united a new cultural team, created a variety of magazines, and cultivated young writers. In 1934, Gorky presided over the first All-Soviet Writers Congress and was elected as the first chairman of the Soviet Writers Association. Gorky's early works include a three-volume collection of "Close-ups and Short Stories", which depict the suffering of tramps and people at the bottom of the class, such as "Cherkash","Konovov","The Degregated People" and "The Orlov Couple";"Song of the Eagle" and others inspire people to yearn for light and freedom through legendary and romantic allegorical images. These works caused a sensation in the literary world after their publication. His early works also include the novel "Fuma Gordeyev", which depicts the division and disintegration of the Russian bourgeoisie at the end of the 19th century; "Three People" was written in 1900 and shows the different paths chosen by young people at the bottom of society. His novel "Mother" and play "Enemy" both take the workers 'movement as the background and create a worker image full of fighting spirit. In addition, his later autobiographical trilogy "Childhood","On Earth" and "My University" also had far-reaching influence. His works were introduced to China as early as the early 20th century and have a great influence among China readers. Gorky was not only the founder of proletarian literature in the Soviet Union, but also the pioneer of proletarian literature in the world. His works are the earliest works in the history of world proletarian literature to reveal the life and historical destiny of the proletariat. On the basis of inheriting the excellent traditions of Russian and world literature, his creations further explored socialist realism, the main path of proletarian literary and artistic creation. Lenin also called him "the most outstanding representative of proletarian art." In 1935, Gorky bid farewell to French writer Roman Roland at the Moscow Railway Station