44 years ago today, October 22, 1981 (September 25, 1981 in the lunar calendar), the Cancun Conference was held. Cancun is a tourist attraction in Mexico. It is located on the sea in southeastern Mexico. It is a beautiful island. Viewed from a high altitude, it looks like a water snake swimming in the blue waves. On October 22, 1981, this beautiful and charming island attracted even more attention from the world because the first "International Conference on Cooperation and Development"-the Cancun Conference "attended by heads of state or government of 14 developing countries and 8 developed countries, including China, was held here. This meeting was held against the backdrop of deepening contradictions in the economic relations between the north and the south. As we all know, after gaining political independence, developing countries have made great efforts to develop their national economies, achieved varying degrees of development, and their dependence on developed countries has also decreased. The average annual growth rates of their economies reached 5.6% and 5.3% respectively in the 1960s and 1970s, higher than the 5% and 3.1% rates in developed countries. Their national economic structure and commodity export structure have also undergone certain changes. By 1979, the proportion of these countries 'manufactured exports had increased to 21%. However, the old international economic order has not changed with the above situation. Developed countries continue to have a monopoly position in various fields of the world economy through the activities of some international financial institutions and multinational corporations. Developing countries have been treated unfairly and equally in production, trade, technology, and monetary finance. The profits from developed countries investing in developing countries are about twice the interest rate on their investment in developing countries themselves. In view of the above reasons, the vast number of developing countries urgently demand that old international economic relations be changed and get rid of dependence on developed countries. This struggle began as early as the 1950s during the Bandung Conference, and in the early 1970s, there was a new turning point. In 1974, at the 6th Special Session of the United Nations, developing countries clearly put forward the idea of establishing a new international economic order and adopted the "Declaration and Program of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order", forcing developed countries to formally recognize the economy for the first time. Unfairness poses a threat to world security and peace. In 1979, developing countries proposed global international negotiations. In the same year, the 34th UN General Assembly adopted a resolution to launch global negotiations. However, due to the tough attitude of the United States, neither the 11th special session of the General Assembly nor the 35th session of the General Assembly in 1980 could reach an agreement on the agenda and procedures for global negotiations. It was under this circumstance that the foreign ministers of 11 countries including Mexico and Austria met twice in late 1980 and early 1981 to prepare for the Cancun North-South Summit. At the formal summit meeting, the heads of government of the participating countries expressed their views on North-South economic relations in a "constructive and positive spirit." Developing countries hope to ease the North-South contradiction through dialogue, narrow the gap between developing and developed countries, and accelerate the independent development of the national economy. At the meeting, the representative of China proposed the five principles of the China government for establishing a new international economic order. Developed countries such as Western Europe, Japan, and Canada have noticed the status and role of developing countries in the international political economy and advocated strengthening North-South cooperation and improving international economic relations. The meeting lasted for two days. After the meeting, as developed countries fell into the longest economic recession after the war in the early 1980s, their governments were mainly focused on solving domestic economic problems and had no time to take into account North-South relations. Moreover, reforming the old order will inevitably affect the vested interests of developed countries, so they often refuse to make concessions on substantive issues and refuse or perfunctory the reasonable demands of developing countries. In the end, the Cancun Conference only reaffirmed the desirability and urgency of global negotiations under the support of the United Nations, and played a certain political role in promoting global negotiations. However, this was the first time in history that at the Cancun Conference, heads of developing and developed countries were able to sit at the same negotiating table and formally discuss North-South relations.