On this day, 205 years ago, August 27, 1820 (July 19, 1820, the lunar calendar), Emperor Daoguang ascended the throne. Emperor Daoguang (1782~1850) was a member of the Aixinjueluo family, named Junning. The temple name is Xuanzong, and the posthumous title is Xiaotian Fu Yun Li Zhongzheng, the sage of literature, Wu Zhiyong, kindness, frugality, diligence, filial piety, sensitivity and leniency, he will become an emperor. The second son of Emperor Renzong of the Qing Dynasty (Emperor Jiaqing). His mother, Empress Xiaoshurui, was the family of Xilata. 1820-1850 year in office. The year number Daoguang, Xi said Daoguang Emperor. Yan Ning was originally named Mianning. He was studious and intelligent since childhood. In the 18th year of Jiaqing (1813), he was granted the title of Prince Zhi. Twenty-five years later, Emperor Jiaqing died. Mianning succeeded to the throne and changed his name to Suining, which was Xuanzong. When he ascended the throne, the Qing Dynasty was declining, officials were corrupt, military equipment was lax, and internal and external difficulties were encountered. The opium trade is very serious. It not only damages the health of users, but also causes the outflow of silver, causing the price of silver and the price of money, which directly undermines social production. Officials and soldiers also smoke opium, ignore political affairs, and do not learn martial arts. Therefore, some enlightened officials strongly demand smoking. In order to save the country's financial crisis, Emperor Daoguang also advocated banning smoking and issued edict many times to ban the import of opium and prohibit self-cultivation. In 1838, he appointed Lin Zexu as an imperial envoy to Guangzhou to ban smoking. Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and Guan Tianpei, Admiral of the Guangdong Navy, arrested cigarette dealers and rectified coastal defense, with great results. However, Britain refused to give up the opium trade, so it launched the Opium War in 2000. However, Emperor Daoguang had no strategy in fighting and defending. He imagined that he would stop the war and stop the matter. He dismissed Lin Zexu and sent Qi Shan to negotiate peace with Britain. Qi Shan signed the "Piercing Nose Draft Treaty" with the United Kingdom without authorization, promising to cede Hong Kong to the United Kingdom and pay 6 million yuan in compensation and restore Guangzhou as a treaty port. After the signing of the "Piercing Nose Grass Contract", Emperor Daoguang believed that ceding territory and compensation was detrimental to his dignity, so he decided to declare war on Britain and sent his imperial clan, Lushan, to fight against the British army. After the defeat of the mountain, and signed with the British "Guangzhou Peace Treaty," which stipulated that the Qing army withdrew from Guangzhou, to pay the British army 6 million yuan "city redemption fee." Later, Emperor Daoguang sent his nephew Yi Jingchi to Zhejiang, but the result was a disastrous defeat. In view of his two failed apprenticeship, Daoguang turned to seek peace blindly. In twenty-two years, he signed the Treaty of Nanjing with Britain. Later, the "Wangxia Treaty" and "Huangpu Treaty" were signed with the United States and France. China began to gradually degenerate into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. During the reign of Emperor Daoguang, he also rectified the administration of officials, built water conservancy, restored academies, and inspected Baojia, but all of them had little effect. Uprisings continue to break out in the country. In the eleventh year of Daoguang, the Yao people in Hunan, Guangxi, and Guangdong launched uprisings, as well as the Xiantian Religion in Shanxi, the White Lotus Religion in the north, and the Tiandi Society in the southeastern provinces also launched frequent armed protests. The Qing Dynasty gradually declined. Comment: Emperor of the Last Era