On November 14, 2015 (October 3, 2015 in the lunar calendar), the coffin of the Huangjinhai Twilight Tomb of the Western Han Dynasty in Nanchang was opened. A new archaeological discovery in Nanchang-the tomb of Marquis Haiyun of the Western Han Dynasty has attracted much attention. There are many related reports on the Internet, but they are scattered. History has compiled various information today to make this comprehensive report so that readers can understand this major archaeological excavation. According to reports, on November 14, 2015, the main coffin chamber was excavated to clean and extract cultural relics around the coffin; on November 18, the location of the coffin in the No. 1 main tomb was confirmed; On December 10, the "packed" coffin was transported to the laboratory for laboratory archaeology; on December 20, the coffin was cleaned up and the cultural relics unearthed in the coffin would be clearer; on December 25, an expert demonstration meeting and press conference were organized to officially announce the identity of the tomb owner and other information. On January 15, 2016, the entire extraction was taken to the laboratory. On March 2, 2016, the expert team confirmed that the owner of the tomb was Liu He, the deposed Emperor of the Han Dynasty, at the "Press Conference on the Archaeological Achievements of the Haiying Hou State in Nanchang" at the Capital Museum in Beijing. According to data, nearly 60 tombs of feudal princes in the Han Dynasty have been excavated so far in our country. However, compared with other tombs that can be found sporadically, the Haiyun Marquis Tomb of the Western Han Dynasty in Nanchang is the tomb with the largest number of unearthed cultural relics, the most abundant variety, and the highest level of craftsmanship have been discovered so far in Jiangxi. The tomb of Marquis Haiyun of the Western Han Dynasty is located on the Wudun Mountain, about 1000 meters southeast of the Laoqiu Villager Group in Guanxi Village, Datangping Township, Xinjian District, Nanchang City. It has a history of more than 2000 years. For a long time, many tomb robbers have been eager to open the coffin. But the tomb was filled with water, making it impossible for the tomb robbers to start. However, now the tools and methods of tomb raiding have been improved. On March 23, 2011, the Jiangxi Province Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology received a report from the public that an ancient tomb on the Qidun Mountain in Datangping Township, Xinjian District, Nanchang had been robbed. On-site inspection by the expert team found a theft hole with a diameter of half a meter and a depth of 14 meters. According to Zhang Zhongli, deputy leader of the expert group and former vice president of the Shaanxi Province Archaeological Research Institute,"The location of the theft hole is very accurate, just above the coffin. The outer layer of the coffin is covered with multiple layers of wood protection. The theft hole is as deep as the fourth layer of wood. If you go deeper than one to two layers, you will touch the main coffin. Fortunately, the tomb robbers were stopped in time and the cultural relics inside the coffin were not damaged." However, Zhang Zhongli said that the inside of the coffin may not be as complete as people think, which is related to several major earthquakes in Jiangxi's history. "Due to the impact of water, many walls in the inner room collapsed. It is precisely because the tomb is full of water, and this anaerobic environment is not conducive to the growth of microorganisms, so the cultural relics in the tomb have to be protected and the degree of corrosion is not high. According to reports, from April 15, 2011 to October 31, 2015, an archaeological team composed of the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Jiangxi Province, together with the cultural and cultural units of Nanchang City and Xinjian District, explored a total of about 1 million square meters and excavated about 10,000 square meters, dissected a cemetery with the tomb of Marquis Haiying of the Western Han Dynasty as the core. Before the excavation, the expert team of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage personally organized the preparation of specific plans for each excavation object and made detailed plans. To ensure the safety of cultural relics and personal safety, experts have innovated some protection methods that have never been practiced before. For example, during the archaeological process, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage sent several archaeological experts to guide archaeological excavations based on world heritage standards, providing a scientific basis for the protection and display of large sites in the future. At the same time, high-tech means were fully used in the archaeological process to record and extract cultural relics information in a timely and accurate manner, realizing the digitization, imaging and scientific process of the excavation site. Some scholars believe that the excavation of the tomb of Marquis Haiying should represent the first-class archaeological level in China today and the first-class level of cultural relics protection in China today. The chariot and horse burial pit on the west side of the main tomb of Marquis Haiyun covers an area of about 80 square meters. Archaeological value exceeds that of Mawangdui. After five years of scientific excavation, the archaeology of the Haiying Marquis Tomb has achieved major results in stages, and many results have unique value. Some experts believe that the archaeological value of the tomb of Haiyun Marquis in Nanchang exceeds that of the Han tomb at Mawangdui in Changsha. It is understood that the Tomb of Marquis Haiying in Nanchang is the largest, best-preserved and most rich Han Dynasty settlement site currently found in my country. Several unearthed cultural relics set a national first and were of great value to the restoration of the burial system of marquis and garden bed system of the Western Han Dynasty. Previously, Jiangxi officials held a news media briefing to announce that the Haiyunhou Cemetery has a trapezoidal plan and has a relatively well-preserved cemetery wall of 868 meters long. The cemetery area reaches 40,000 square meters. Zhang Zhongli, deputy leader of the expert group, was amazed at the size of the tomb, and even said that the iron chimes unearthed from ancient tombs in the Han Dynasty were unprecedented. He said that the three hanging music unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Haiyun followed the Zhou Dynasty's ritual and music system. According to the Zhou ritual and music system, the three hanging music should be used by the "king" and the tomb owner had a special identity. "The most representative ones should be chimes and chariots and horses. For example, there are 24 pieces of chimes unearthed in two blocks. They have been preserved for 2000 years and can still be played completely. There is also a chime. The common ones unearthed in the past were stone chimes, while the ones unearthed in the tomb of Marquis Haiyun were iron chimes. This is the first time I have seen them in archeology for so many years. This should be the first case in the country!" The bronze chime bell carriage and horse pits are also a highlight of the tomb of Marquis Haiyun. It is reported that there are a total of 5 wooden painted carriages pulled by 4 horses. Four horses and a carriage were the highest equipment for princes in the Han Dynasty. The tomb of Marquis Haiyun is a carriage and horse pit, which shows his high status. Yang Jun, an archaeological leader and a researcher at the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Jiangxi Province, said that the Chemakeng is 17.7 meters long from north to south, 4.24 meters wide from east to west, and 2.5 meters deep from the surface. The wooden coffin in the pit and the pillars reinforcing the wooden coffin were all rotten, leaving only traces. Judging from the traces of the cooked soil second-story platform and the decayed coffin roof on the second-story platform left during the construction of the wooden coffin, the coffin chamber is about 0.5 meters high. There were 5 painted wooden vehicles buried with the funeral. They were practical and high-level vehicles. The carriages were disassembled, and the disassembled chariots and horses were put into painted wooden boxes and placed on the bottom of the coffin. There were 20 horses buried with them, and their skeletons had been rotten, leaving only traces of them. According to Yang Jun, archaeologists are currently cleaning the main coffin chamber and have lifted the two layers of cover plates covering the main coffin chamber. "Judging from the current excavation situation, there are two layers of cover plates on the main coffin chamber and the corridor," Yang Jun said."But the bottom of the main coffin chamber is higher than the bottom of the corridor by the thickness of one layer of cover plates, about 30 centimeters." According to relevant experts, the size of the cover plate on the main chamber of the tomb of Haiying Marquis of the Western Han Dynasty in Nanchang is about 80 centimeters wide, about 30 centimeters thick, 8 meters long, weighs about 2000 kilograms, and is closely arranged. At the excavation site, archaeologists transported these cover plates, weighing about 2 tons, one by one, through rail pulleys. It is unimaginable how people placed and arranged them so neatly during the Western Han Dynasty. Thousands of bamboo slips and wooden slips are undoubtedly one of the focus topics that have attracted much attention in the cemetery. On November 10, under the leadership of Wu Shunqing, an expert in lacquer and wood protection in my country, the lacquer and wood protection team officially started the work of cleaning bamboo slips. It is reported that after the "overall package" bamboo slips were opened, the degree of rot was a certain gap from experts 'expectations. It is also because of the "overall package", attached to the soil there are a lot of jade debris. Although it looks like jade fragments, many fragments are engraved with words and patterns. Among them, the most interesting one is the pattern engraved with five baht coins. More than 10 tons of nearly 2 million five baht coins were unearthed in the tomb of Haiying Marquis. The Wuzhu coin was first cast during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It is a coin with weight as the unit of currency. The excavation of Wuzhu coins provides archaeological evidence for the first time that the consistent calibration method of 1000-wen copper coins since the Tang and Song Dynasties originated from the Western Han Dynasty at the latest. A large number of five-baht coins were unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Haiying. Experts said that the owner of the Haiyun Marquis Tomb in Nanchang was a certain generation of Haiyun Marquis Tomb in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty. Since the bamboo slips and wooden slips are still being identified, and the coffin has been destroyed, it is now impossible to determine which generation of Marquis Haiyun is the owner of the tomb. Sufficient evidence needs to be found after excavation in the main tomb area and through the laboratory before it can be announced that Marquis Haiyun is ranked. The picture shows a jade pendant with dragon and phoenix patterns unearthed in the main chamber of the tomb of Marquis Haiyun. Archaeologists found a beautifully crafted jade pendant on the east side of the main chamber of the tomb of Marquis Haiyun in the Western Han Dynasty in Nanchang. The jade pendant is carved with dragon, phoenix and other patterns. According to archaeological experts, this jade pendant is likely to be a jade pendant in the shape of a jade pendant. The texture and craftsmanship represent the highest level of Han jade, indicating the noble identity and status of the tomb owner. A large number of horseshoe gold and gold cakes were discovered in the tomb of Marquis Haiyun of the Western Han Dynasty. On November 17, archaeologists were cleaning up the unearthed horseshoe gold. On the same day, archaeologists found 1 box of horseshoe gold and 2 boxes of gold cakes on the west side of the main coffin room of the tomb of Marquis Haiying of the Western Han Dynasty in Nanchang, totaling more than 75 pieces. Archaeologists believe that these gold objects are the most completely preserved and most concentrated discoveries in the archaeological history of Han tombs in China.