64 years ago today, July 13, 1961 (June 1, 1961 in the lunar calendar), composer Schoenberg passed away. Arnold Schoenberg is a famous Austrian-American composer, music educator and music theorist, leader of the New Vienna School, founder of serialist music theory, and one of the music giants of the 20th century. In 1874, Schoenberg was born into a merchant family in Vienna. In 1898, Schoenberg's "String Quartet in D Major" was performed at a concert, attracting the attention of the music community. In 1901, he went to Berlin and made a living writing popular music and composing opereas. R-Strauss appreciated his works such as the sound poem "Perias and Melisander" and recommended him to teach at the Stern Conservatory of Music. In 1903, Schoenberg returned to Vienna and taught composition and theory privately. There were many students, including Webern and Berg. These two later became his lifelong supporters and loyal believers. The three teachers and students were famous for their creation of Serialism music and are called a representative figure of the New Vienna School by academic circles. In 1911, Schoenberg moved to Berlin. His works were performed in London and Vienna and were well received and gradually became a well-known composer. During the First World War, he was drafted into the army twice for a short period of time, interrupted his creative and teaching activities, and his family's finances were also in trouble. After the war, he founded a "Concert of Dudes Works" in Vienna and held a series of lectures on music theory. His works attracted the attention of the international music community and their influence continued to expand. At this time, his serialism theory gradually took shape. In 1925, he was hired by the Berlin Academy of Art to hold a composition expert class. He lived a stable life and completed a series of works one after another. In 1933, the Nazis moved to the United States after coming to power. They taught in many colleges and universities. They became American citizens in 1941 and died in Los Angeles in 1961. It is generally believed that Schoenberg's creation can be roughly divided into three periods: Before 1908, it was the tonality period. It was mainly influenced by Brahms and Wagner. The works were full of the flavor of late German romantic music and developed the semitone creation techniques represented by Wagner to the limit. The main works include "D Major String Quartet"(1897), String Sixtet "The Night of Sublimation"(1899),"First String Quartet"(1905) and "First Chamber Symphony"(1906); 1908-1920 The atonal period was around 1908. During this period, he had many experiences with the expressionist painters Kokoška and Konzinsky, and drew inspiration from the aesthetic thoughts of expressionism. He successively created a number of atonal works and became the first composer to abandon tonality. His main works include the vocal music "Hanging Garden"(1908),"Five Orchestral Works"(1909), the one-legged drama "Expectation"(1909), The soundtrack drama "Lucky Hand"(1910-1913) and the vocal and instrumental work "Piero the Moon"(1912); After 1920 was the period of twelve tone techniques. After long-term exploration, Schoenberg finally established a method of abandoning tonality and using the so-called "twelve tone system" for creation. This technique first appeared in "Five Piano Pieces"(op. 23) and "Serenade"(op. 24), composed from 1920 to 1923. Representative works of this period are "Variations on the Band"(1927-1928), the opera "Moses and Aaron"(unfinished, 1930-1932),"Piano Concerto"(1942),"Ode to Napoleon"(1942), and "A Survivor of Warsaw"(1947). Among them, works in his later years are occasionally written using tonality techniques, and sometimes combining tonality and atonal techniques. Schoenberg's greatest contribution lies in inheriting, developing and eventually breaking the musical tradition of German romanticism in the 19th century, systematically creating serialist music theories and methods, thus completing the historic transition from romantic music to modern music. task. In addition to composing music, Schoenberg also devoted himself to teaching with great enthusiasm and energy throughout his life, cultivated many world-famous composers, and was a veritable music educator. His students Webern and Berg further developed his theory of sequential music, which had a major impact on the development of modern music. In addition, his theoretical works "Harmony"(1911),"Thought and Logic of Music"(1934-1936, unfinished),"Basics of Music Creation"(1948),(Orchestration "(1949)," Structure and Function of Harmony "(1954) and the collection of essays" Style and Thought "(1950) also have high academic value. Schoenberg