164 years ago today, on November 2, 1861 (September 30, 1861 lunar calendar), Empress Dowager Cixi launched a coup d'état. On November 2, 1861, Empress Dowager Cixi contacted Prince Gong Yisheng to arrest Su Shun and other eight ministers in Beijing and launched a coup d'état of Qixiang. On August 22, 1861, Emperor Xianfeng died of illness in the Rehe Palace, and his 6-year-old son Zai Chun succeeded him. The eight ministers, Su Shun, Zai Yuan, and Duanhua, were in power, and decided to use the "Qixiang" era name from next year. Concubine Yihnara of Xianfeng Yigui was eager to use the identity of Empress Dowager Zai Chun's biological mother to seek supreme rule. After her plan to instruct Emperor Dong Yuancheng to ask the Empress Dowager to stand down and seize power was resisted by the eight ministers, she colluded with Prince Gong Yisheng who stayed in Beijing. On October 7, the Nala family relieved Zaiyuan of the right to lead the guards in the name of "reducing his labor"; Yigang then won the support of the military attendant Shengbao and Seng Glinqin, who controlled the heavy troops of Gyeonggi and Zhilu. On October 26, the Nala family set off from Rehe and brought the young emperor Zaichun back to Luang Beijing from Zaiyuan, Duanhua and his entourage. The coffin of Emperor Xianfeng was escorted by Su Shun on the main road. On November 1, the Nala family arrived in Beijing under the support of the personal soldiers of the Shengbao faction, and on the same day they had a secret business with the Yigang Club. On November 2, Zaiyuan and Duanhua were arrested one by one by the guards who had ambushed on both sides as soon as they stepped into the palace gate at dawn. When Su Shun's coffin arrived in Miyun, he was arrested in the pavilion. On the 3rd, Yi Yan was appointed as the king of political affairs, and Gui Liang, Wen Xiang and others were appointed as ministers of military aircraft, forming a new military aircraft department. On the 7th, the Qing court changed the era name "Qixiang" to "Tongzhi", and announced that Zai Yuan and other three people were rebellious, and immediately gave Zai Yuan and Duanhua to hang themselves, beheaded Su Shun, and Jingshou and other five people were deposed or sent to the garrison. On the 8th, the Nala family issued an edict to count the crimes of Zai Yuan, Duanhua, and Sushun, mainly including: resisting the Empress Dowager to listen to the government under the curtain, and failing to make peace with all his heart and so on, On the 11th, Zaichun officially ascended to the pole, and the Empress Dowager took over the government. The 26-year-old Yehnala usurped the power of the Qing Dynasty and began her 48-year dark rule over China. 1861 was the year of Xin Younian, so it was also known as the "Xinyou Coup". This change was a palace coup in the top ruling clique for power, but it also marked the transformation of the Qing government into a semi-colonial regime, judging from the "inattentive" charges imposed on Su Shun and others during the coup and the attitude of Nala and Yi Chun to foreign invaders after the coup.