On this day, 812 years ago, on August 25, 1213 (August 8, the 1213 lunar calendar), Jia Sidao, a powerful minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, was born. Jia Sidao (August 25 - 1275, 1213), also known as Shixian, and known as Yuesheng and Qiuhe, was a powerful minister during the Song Dynasty. A native of Songxi, Tiantai Tun Bridge, Zhejiang. Jia She's son, and his biological mother, Hu, is Jia She's concubine. Jia Sidao was only 11 years old when Jia She died. In the first year of Duanping (1234), his father's shadow was appointed as Jiaxing's secretary of warehouse and land order. In the second year of Jiaxi (1238), he was admitted to the Jinshi and was valued by Lizong. At the beginning, Chunyou appointed the direct bachelor of Baozhang Pavilion as the deputy envoy of the Yangtze River System, served as the governor of Jiangzhou and the pacification envoy of Jiangnan West Road. He was then transferred to the envoy of the Jinghu System and the prefect of Jiangling. Jia Baowenge Bachelor and Ambassador of Jinghu Pacification System. In the second year of Baoyou (1254), he was added to the Privy Council of Tongzhi and the founding Duke of Linhai Prefecture. Emperor Lizong of Song Dynasty called him a "teacher", and all officials called him the "Duke of Zhou". In the ninth year of Xianchun (1273), Xiangfan fell. In the first year of Deyou (1275), Jia Sidao's 130,000 elite soldiers left to fight against the Yuan army in Dingjiazhou (today's river northeast of Tongling, Anhui). They were defeated and fled to Yangzhou in a single boat. The ministers requested to be executed, but they were demoted to deputy envoy of Gaozhou Tuanlian and resettled according to the state. When he arrived at Mukian Nunnery in Zhangzhou, he was killed by Zheng Huchen, the governor of Kuaiji County. The Road to Politics In 1238 AD, he was admitted to the Jinshi. At that time, her sister was already the imperial concubine of Emperor Lizong of the Song Dynasty, so she was promoted to Taichang Cheng and Military Equipment Supervisor. Shi Yan, the governor of the capital, said that his talents could be used in a great way, so he was promoted to the governor of Lizhou. In 1241 AD, in the first year of Chunyou, Huguang was changed to command and began to lead the military. For three years, he served as Minister of Revenue. For five years, he appointed Baozhang Pavilion as the deputy envoy along the river, Zhijiangzhou and Jiangnan West Road pacification envoy, and then moved to Jinghu system envoy and Jiangling Prefecture. For nine years, he was awarded the title of Bachelor of Baowen Pavilion and Ambassador of Beijing and Lake Comfort System. Ten years later, he moved to Lianghuai as a bachelor of Duanming Hall. In the second year of Baoyou (1254), Tongzhi was appointed as a member of the Privy Council and the founding Duke of Linhai County. For four years, he was added to the post of Minister of Political Affairs. For five years, he was added to the Privy Council. In six years, he was transferred to Xuanfu Ambassador of Lianghuai. Their main duties are border protection, reclamation, and recruitment. In 1233 AD, the fifth year of Shaoding of Emperor Lizong of Song Dynasty, Mongolia advocated the article of "joining Mongolia and destroying Jin" to the Southern Song Dynasty government and formed an alliance with Mongolia. Later, in the first year of Duanping (1234), the Song and Mongolian allied forces successfully destroyed the Jin Dynasty, but Mongolia violated the previously established provisions and reduced the land that Song deserved. Song sent troops to forcibly regain the land, but to no avail and he returned miserably. In 1258, Mongolia invaded it in the name of "breach of contract". After the disastrous defeat of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Li ordered the right prime minister Jia Sidao to lead troops to fight to aid Ezhou. Jia Sidao had no military knowledge at all, so he privately negotiated peace with the Mongolian army after the expedition and lobbied the Mongolian army that the court would pay tribute to Mongolia. The first peace negotiation, the Mongolian army was unwilling. Later, the Mongolian Khan Mengge died at the foot of the fishing city in the Battle of the city. Jia Sidao learned that Kublai Khan would return to China to regain his throne, so he saw the opportunity and signed a peace treaty with Kublai Khan, expressing his willingness to become a minister and provide him with 200,000 taels of silver and 200,000 bolts of silk every year. After private peace negotiations, Jia Sidao joined forces with other generals and attacked while the Mongolian army was retreating, killing only more than 170 foreign enemies. The number of more than 170 was simply insignificant to the Mongolian army, which had sufficient troops. However, Jia Sidao regarded it as an "unprecedented" military service and exaggerated his own military service. He even gave "good news" but did not report the real reason for the Mongolian army's retreat. He reported to Lizong: "There was a great victory on all sides, the siege of Hubei began to be lifted, and the Han Dynasty was eliminated. The ancestral society is restored to peace in crisis, which is a blessing for the world." After receiving the intelligence, Lizong was deceived by Jia Sidao and happily awarded Jia Sidao the Duke of Wei and the Young Master. He also strongly praised Jia Sidao and ordered all civil and military officials in the court to welcome Jia Sidao's "triumphant victory." Later, Lizong dismissed Prime Minister Ding Daquan, allowing Jia Sidao to monopolize power. After Jia Sidao gained power, he immediately became domineering and slandered Cao Shixiong and Xiang Shibi, who had been "rude" to him in the military camp, claiming that they had embezzled and stolen official money in the army. As a result, they were exiled. Another general, Gao Da, once ridiculed Jia Sidao in the army, so Jia Sidao blamed Gao Da in front of Lizong, hoping to get rid of Gao Da. Fortunately, Li Zong still had some wisdom and did not kill Gao Da. Jia Sidao and his party edited "Fuhua Compilation" to "praise" his "heroic deeds" during the anti-Mongolian army. Later, five years after Duzong of the Song Dynasty (1264 - 1274) ascended the throne, in order to test his status in the court, Jia Sidao told Duzong that he was old and needed to return to his hometown to receive blessings. In order not to lose this "military genius", Duzong issued an edict allowing Jia Sidao to go to court only once every six days without having to salute like a hundred officials. Later, he even went to court every ten days. Jia Sidao had proved that his status in the court was almost similar to that of the emperor. Another view believes that not having to go to the morning court was a "power phenomenon" in the Southern Song Dynasty, which was the courtesy accorded to every prime minister. The siege of Xiangyang was from 1267 to 1273. When Xiangyang was besieged by the Yuan army, documents from the border came one after another. Jia Sidao played the lead, followed by state affairs, and none of them went to the court. "History of the Song Dynasty" records: "Xiangyang has been besieged, and it is like sitting in Ge Ling every day on the road, building towers, pavilions and pavilions, and taking palace servants, prostitutes, and beautiful women as concubines, and enjoying themselves every day. Only those who are rich come every day, and no one dares to peep into their homes. His concubine had an older brother who came and set up the gate of the mansion as if he was about to enter. When Sidao saw it, he tied himself into the fire. I once sat on the ground and fought crickets with a group of concubines. Someone I had been close to came in and joked,"Is this a major military event?" In the eighth year of Xianchun (1272), when Duzong went to the sacrificial ceremony, it rained heavily. Duzong accepted the suggestion of his beloved concubine, the father of Consort Hu, to return to the palace. This made Jia Sidao dissatisfied and pretended to leave the palace and return home. Duzong begged bitterly. Later, he listened to Jia Sidao's words and sent his beloved Imperial Concubine Hu to become a nun before he was "forgiven" by Jia Sidao. What is even more ridiculous is that Jia even brought crickets to court to discuss politics. The chirping of insects could be heard from time to time in the court. There was even a farce in which crickets jumped out of their sleeves and stuck to the emperor's beard. However, the fact that Xiangyang was besieged by the Yuan Army was concealed by Jia Sidao one by one. Once again, the court sent Jia on an expedition, and Jia Sidao bribed the minister to "explain" to Duzong that he should stay in the central government to control the overall situation and should not go to the front line to resist the enemy. After Duzong died because of hatred, the Yuan army had occupied Ezhou. The Southern Song Dynasty Imperial College students suggested that Jia Sidao personally march to fight. Under the pressure of the masses, Jia had to go into battle. But he was as timid as a mouse and was afraid of death. He did not want to fight at all, but just kept seeking peace. He sent a gift to Bayan, Prime Minister of the Yuan Dynasty, requesting to cede territory and pay compensation, but Bayan accused him of not keeping his word and refused to negotiate peace. In 1275, in the Lugang area of Wuhu, Anhui Province, Jia Sidao made almost no resistance. Together with several subordinates, he abandoned the 130,000 elite soldiers under his command and fled in a small boat (Battle of Dingjiazhou). The army of the Southern Song Dynasty was defeated, and countless soldiers were killed or injured and fled. Public opinion around the world was in a uproar, and the Yuan soldiers were approaching Lin 'an. The government and the public were shocked and scared, demanding to kill them to thank the world. Under strong pressure, Empress Dowager Xie was forced to remove him from office, but this could not calm the anger of the public. Both inside and outside the court firmly demanded that Jia Sidao be executed. Empress Dowager Xie had no choice but to demote him to remote Guangdong. County Lieutenant Zheng Huchen's family had been persecuted by Jia Sidao. In order to avenge himself, he took the initiative to detain Jia Sidao and demoted him. On the way to escort him, Zheng Huchen reminded Jia Sidao many times to commit suicide, but he lived in isolation and died if he refused to. Zheng Huchen tried every means to coerce and torture him. When he arrived at Muian Nunnery, Jia Sidao knew that he could no longer live, so he took ice cubes and committed suicide. However, he couldn't die for a while, but he only had a stomach bleed. Zheng Huchen was so angry that he executed Jia Sidao in the toilet. Yu Dayou, a famous anti-Japanese general in the Ming Dynasty, laid down a stone tablet in the stone pavilion in front of Mukian Nunnery and personally wrote "Song Zheng Huchen killed Jia Sidao here." Yuan Benlian, the magistrate of Longxi during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, repeated these ten characters with a stone tablet. Next to it is the inscription "The Story of the Cotton Pavilion" written by Chen Qi from Zhuji in 1936 and Zhu Xi from Hanshou. Another is that when the Yuan army had invaded Lin 'an and was in chaos, the Prince of the Song Dynasty was angry that Jia Sidao had harmed the country. On the way to escape, he used the sword of Shangfang and killed Jia Sidao. In 1261 AD, Jia Sidao advocated tough measures to prevent the rich from hoarding grain, and later advocated the Gongtian Law. At this time, the concentration of land in the hands of big landlords was a serious problem, because these landlords were usually also big officials. At that time, the government used the "harmony purchase" plan to make up for this problem, which required landlords to voluntarily sell rice to the state. However, when the government purchased more rice, it had to issue more paper money, causing inflation. Therefore, Jia Sidao suggested abolishing and purchasing rice, reducing the circulation of paper money to stabilize prices, and then limiting the amount of land owned by everyone. Land exceeding the limit should be purchased by the state and converted into public land, and then the income from the public land should be used to pay military supplies. This plan was strongly opposed by the large landlord class, but Jia Sidao vigorously promoted it and the Public Land Law was implemented until he came to the countryside. From 1263 to 1275, a total of twelve years. Historical data commented on the History of the Song Dynasty: "Sidao is arrogant and arrogant, afraid of others and deliberating on himself, dedicated to governing it with power, did not love official titles, imprisoned celebrities for a while, and added money for meals at the Imperial College, broadened the rules of the imperial examination field, and enjoyed it with small profits. As a result, the path of speech was cut off, and power and blessings were carried out freely." Empress Dowager Xie: "Sidao has worked hard for three dynasties, but I forgave myself for a crime and failed to treat a minister with courtesy." Wang Wei: "The powerful ministers of this dynasty have suffered disasters, but no one is as fierce as Sidao. I don't know how many of the gentry's grass and grass are sparse, but Your Majesty suppressed them and did not do it. If you don't just obey others 'words, how can you thank the world?" Wen Tianxiang: "What courage is it in the battle for Ezhou? What sorrow is it to escape from Lugang!" Kublai Khan: "How can I use it like a person like Tao?""The person guarding the city is only made by a scholar. You cannot win by a hundred thousand people, and you can not defeat it after killing for several months. It is your crime, but is it the crime of the scholars!" Liu Kezhuang: "With the noble clothes of yellow axes, I lay down with the soldiers for several months. It is an isolated city that can completely destroy the eggs, and an iron cavalry that can sweep away mountains. This is an extraordinary achievement!" Lizong once looked at the abnormal lights in the West Lake at night and said to his people,"This must be like a road." The inquiry tomorrow proved true. Xixian: "When we attacked Hubei, Jia Sidao built wooden fences around the city, which was completed overnight. Your Majesty looked at his entourage and said,'How can I use them like those of Sidao?'"