332 years ago today, on November 22, 1693 (October 25, 1693 lunar calendar), Zheng Banqiao, a calligrapher, painter and writer of the Qing Dynasty, was born. Zheng Banqiao (1693-1765), formerly known as Zheng Xie, the word Kerou, the number Li'an, also known as Banqiao, known as Mr. Banqiao, a native of Xinghua, Jiangsu, his ancestral home in Suzhou. Kangxi scholar, Yongzheng ten years to raise people, Qianlong first year (1736) Jinshi. Official Fan County, Weixian County, Shandong Province, with remarkable political achievements, later lived in Yangzhou, selling paintings for a living, as an important representative of the "Eight Devils of Yangzhou". Zheng Banqiao only painted orchids, bamboo and stones in his life, claiming to be "the orchid that never thanks for four times, the bamboo that lasts forever, the stone that will never be defeated, and the person who will remain unchanged in thousands of years". His poetry, calligraphy and painting, known as the "Three Absolutes" in the world, is a more representative literati painter in the Qing Dynasty. Representative works include "Xiuzhu Xinhuang Tu", "Clear Light Leaving Photos", "Orchid Bamboo Fangxin Tu", "Gangu Juquan Tu", "Cong Lan Thorns Tu", etc., and the author "Zheng Banqiao Collection". Folding the early years of hardship Emperor Shengzu of Qing Kangxi 32 years (November 22, 1693), Zheng Banqiao was born, at which time Zheng Banqiao's family had fallen into the middle and lived in poverty. When he was three years old, his biological mother, Mrs. Wang, died, and when he was young, he followed his father to set up a nunnery to Maojiaqiao, Zhenzhou to study. By the age of eight or nine, he had written under the guidance In the forty years of Kangxi (1701), at the age of fourteen, he lost his stepmother, Mrs. Zheng. The nursing mother Fei was a kind, hard-working, and simple working woman. She gave Zheng Banqiao careful and thoughtful care and meticulous care, and became the pillar of Zheng Banqiao's life and feelings. At the age of sixteen, he learned to write lyrics from Mr. Lu Zhongyuan, an ancestor in the township. In the fifty-second year of Kangxi (1713), he was about twenty years old. In the fifty-fifth year of Kangxi (1716), he married his wife, Mrs. Xu. In the autumn of that year, Zheng Banqiao went to Beijing for the first time and wrote the "Autumn Sound Fu" in small letters by Ouyang Xiu in Shuyunxuan. In the fifty-eighth year of Kangxi (1719), he went to Zhijiang Village, Zhenzhou to teach. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Folding lived in Yangzhou, his father died. At this time, Banqiao had two daughters and Due to the hardships of life, Zheng Banqiao abandoned the museum after the age of 30 to sell paintings in Yangzhou for a living, actually saving the poor and under the name "Fengya". During the ten years of selling paintings in Yangzhou, there were also some tourist activities interspersed. Unfortunately, the son born to Mrs. Xu passed away, and Zheng Banqiao wrote poems in mourning. In the third year of Yongzheng (1725), he traveled to Jiangxi and met the Fantastic Master and the Manchu scholar Paul in Lushan. He traveled to Beijing and made friends with Zen Zunshu and his disciples in Yulin. He talked high and talked about people, but he was not a character, so he got a crazy name. During his stay in Beijing, he knitted Prince Kangxi and Prince Shen Yunxi, the owner of Ziqiongya. For five years (1728), he studied in Tongzhou and studied at Tianning Temple in Yangzhou, writing one of the Four Books by hand. In the seventh year (1730) of Yongzheng, he wrote the first draft of "Ten Books of Dao Love". At the age of 39, Mrs. Xu died of illness. Zheng Banqiao has known many painting friends in Yangzhou for ten years. Jin Nong and Huang Shen are all very close to him in the past, which has a great influence on his creative ideas and even his character. In the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), Zheng Banqiao was forty years old. In the autumn of that year, he went to Nanjing to participate in the township examination. In the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), Zheng Banqiao wrote a poem "De Nan Jieyin". In order to pursue further study, he went to Jiaoshan, Zhenjiang to study. Now Jiaoshan Biefeng Temple has Zheng Banqiao handwritten woodcut couplets "Why is the room elegant so big, the fragrance of flowers is not much" In the first year of Qianlong (1736), in Beijing, he participated in the examination of the ceremony department. In May, he participated in the palace examination in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, Dan Chi. The eighty-eighth scholar in the second year of middle school, who was born as a scholar, made a special work "Okra Stalagmite Picture" and titled "I also ended up being called a scholar, and followed by Dangui Zhuangyuanlang". The joy is beyond words. In the second year of Qianlong (1737), he stayed in Beijing for about a year. He advanced to Tushi, but failed. He returned to Yangzhou south and was funded by Cheng Yuchen of Jiangxi Province and married Rao's. The nursing mother Fei's died. In the fourth year of Qianlong (1739), he made the seven laws and four songs and gave it to Huainan's supervisor Lu Jianzeng. In the fifth year of Qianlong (1740), he prefaced Dong Weiye's "Yangzhou Bamboo Branch Ci In the sixth year of Qianlong (1741), he entered the capital, and there was a shortage of alternate officials, and he was warmly received by Yunxi, the king of the county of Shen. In the spring of the seventh year of Qianlong (1742), Zheng Banqiao made a collection of poems and lyrics for the county magistrate of Fan and a small county chaocheng, and began to write them by hand. In the eighth year of Qianlong (1743), he revised the "Ten Songs of Dao Love" several times, until he got the manuscript ready, and the engraver was Siduwen ointment of the upper yuan. In the ninth year of Qianlong (1744), the concubine gave birth to a son. During Zheng Banqiao's tenure as the prefect of Fan County, he attached importance to the agricultural mulberry, observed the people's feelings, and rested the people. The people lived and worked in peace and contentment. In the eleventh year of Qianlong ( In the same year, there was a great famine in Shandong, and cannibalism often occurred. Wei County was originally a prosperous city, but due to years of famine, disaster relief became an important part of Zheng Banqiao's presiding over Weixian politics. He opened warehouses for relief goods, so that the people could get coupons for supply, and he made great use of labor, built cities and ponds, and recruited starving people from near and far to go to work. Large families in cities opened factories to cook porridge and eat in rounds. Sealed the family of pillows, more than 10,000 people survived. In autumn, the harvest was poor, and the donations were made to replace the wheel, and the IOU was destroyed, and the living people were not counted. The starving people in Weixian County went out of customs to forage for food, and Banqiao sighed and made an escape trip. In the twelfth year of Qianlong (1747), Manchurian Zhenghuang banners and attendants lectured on the main moral protection exams in Shandong, and Banqiao was in the trial hospital together, singing and singing. In the thirteenth year of Qianlong (1748), Gao Bin, a great scholar, and Liu Tongxun, the imperial history of the capital, went to Shandong as special envoys to deliver relief, and Banqiao went with them. It was the ripe autumn, and the disaster situation in Weixian County gradually eased, and the starving people also returned to their hometowns from outside the customs. Banqiao made a return to the family. In order to prevent floods from flooding and invaders, he donated funds to advocate the overhaul of the city walls of Weixian County. At the end of autumn, he wrote a book on the city of Weixian County. Qianlong went on a tour of Shandong. Zheng Banqiao for the "history of painting and calligraphy", to participate in the preparation, arranged the Son of Heaven ascended Mount Tai, lying at the top of Mount Tai for more than 40 days, often proud of this, engraved a seal "Yun Qianlong Cambodia sealed the history of painting and calligraphy". In the fourteenth year of Qianlong (1749), the son of the Rao family was in Xinghua's sick age. Traveled with the imperial history Shen Yanfang in Guo's garden. Renewed family letters, poetry banknotes, and handwritten for publication. In the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750), the self-preface of Banqiao was written. In the same year, Wenchang Temple was rebuilt, Zhuangyuan Bridge was proposed, and Chang Temple was written. In the sixteenth year of Qianlong (1751), the sea overflowed, and Banqiao went to Yuwangtai in the north of Weixian County Zheng Banqiao's intention as an official was to "get the will and add it to the people", so he could sympathize with the common people and small traders when he was in power, reform the bad government, and safeguard their interests from the laws and measures. During Banqiao Zaiwei's period of diligent government and clean government, no accumulation, and no injustice ", which won the support of the people. Weixian County was full of rich businesspeople, and people were compatible with extravagance. Zheng Banqiao vigorously advocated literary affairs, found talents, and left many good stories. Make a" rare lake painting "banner. In the seventeenth year of Qianlong (1752), Zheng Banqiao presided over the repair of Weixian City God's Temple and wrote the inscription of the City God's Temple. In the inscription of Wenchang Temple and the City God's Temple, Banqiao urged Weixian gentry to practice literature and clean practice", which had a considerable impact on the people of Weiqi. In the same year, he and Weixian Tongsheng Han Hao's thesis, and wrote a seven-character book to delete the complex and simplify the three autumn trees, leading to a new February flower. Zheng Banqiao wrote a lot in Weixian, and his forty poems on bamboo branches in Weixian are particularly well-known. "People become sons in shun, and they read more when they are free." In the seventh year of Guanwei, Banqiao has reached a new peak in both official governance and poetry, calligraphy and painting. "Official governance and literary names are important for the time being." Banqiao has been an official for ten years, and has gained insight into the darkness of the officialdom. He has made contributions to the world, and the ambitions of the people are difficult to achieve, and the meaning of returning to the field is increasing day by day. In the eighteenth year of Qianlong (1753), Zheng Banqiao was sixty-one years old, and he went to the official for the people to ask for help. When I went to Weiwei, the people covered the road to retain, family portraits were sacrificed, and spontaneously established a living shrine for Zheng Banqiao in the island temple in Weicheng. After leaving the official office, Banqiao sold paintings for a living, traveling between Yangzhou and Xinghua, and communicating with fellow calligraphy and painting, singing poetry and wine. Rare Confused Zheng Xie "Rare Confused" In the nineteenth year of Qianlong (1754), Zheng Banqiao traveled to Hangzhou. After crossing Qiantang, to Huiji, exploring Yu Cave, visiting Lanting, and traveling to and from the mountains and yindao. In the 22nd year of Qianlong (1757), he participated in the Hongqiao Xiuyu, which was presided over by Yu Jian, the supervisor of the two Huai Dynasties, and met Yuan Mei, answering each other with poems. During this period, Banqiao made a lot of calligraphy and painting works, which were widely circulated. In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong (1762), he painted a "bamboo and stone diagram". A huge stone stood on the ground, and several thin bamboo almost burst through the picture. A poem is inscribed in the blank space in the upper right corner: "The seventy-year-old painted bamboo and stone, and the stone was brighter and the bamboo was straighter. I know that this old pen is extraordinary, and it stands upright in a thousand ways. Qianlong Guiwei, Zheng Xie of Banqiao." Press down the name prints of the two sides. Frame size In the blank space at the bottom right, bet again on the "singing and blowing ancient Yangzhou" idle chapter. Zheng Banqiao has been full of life, not bowing to various evil forces, but still as strong as a rock, as strong as bamboo, as noble as orchids. The title of the poem should be completely oblique, large and small, or on the top of the mountain, replaced by a chaff method; or between the bamboo poles, so that the painting is connected into a piece; or among the orchids, the flowers are more numerous and the leaves are more lush. The poem on the painting, Song and Yuan Dynasty, is not the first creation of Zheng Xie, but it is rare to see Zheng Xie's wonderful, and the wonderful is highly unified in all kinds of art. On December 12, the 30th year of Qianlong (January 22, 1765), Banqiao died and was buried in Guanruanzhuang, East of Xinghua City, at the age of 73.