On this day 492 years ago, on September 7, 1533 (August 19, 1533), Elizabeth I, "Queen of Glory", was born. Elizabeth I (1533-1603), Queen of England and Ireland, was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty (in 1558-1603). Born September 7, 1533, at Plessenhee Palace in London, was the only surviving child of Henry VIII and his second queen, Anne Boleyn. Designated heir to the throne at birth, at the age of three, the mother was sentenced to death for treason. Elizabeth was well educated and was crowned Queen at Westminster Abbey on January 15, 1558. During her reign she could speak and write six languages: English, French, Italian, Spanish, Latin, and Greek. She never married, so she was called the "Virgin Queen". She came to the throne when England was in a state of internal chaos due to religious divisions, but she not only succeeded in keeping England united, but also made England one of the most powerful and wealthy countries in Europe after nearly half a century of rule. English culture also reached a peak during this period, with famous figures such as Shakespeare and Francis Bacon emerging. British colonies in North America also began to be established during this period. Her reign is known in English history as the "Elizabethan period", also known as the "Golden Age". She died at Richmond Palace in Surrey on March 24, 1603. She was buried in Westminster. Her heir was James I. The James had become James VI of Scotland by then. At this time, England and Scotland were under one monarch and under one dynasty, the first step in the process of British unification began - royal union, but England and Scotland were still recognized internationally as two countries, and the two countries still maintained their own independent functioning governments. Fifty years after her death, the English Civil War broke out, and England became a short-lived republic.