Preliminary
When debt defaults in many countries around the world become common occurrence, a Small countries in Central AsiaTell the world what it is called. “One thousand.”。
Faced with the various conditions and political demands of Western countries, TurkmenistanIn the end, China has chosen not only to pay back on time. 8 billion dollarsA lot of debt, too. A billion packages.。
What is China doing right?Why is this collaboration giving the West a red eye?
Small countries repay debts and gifts, what secrets are hidden behind the "unusual"
That news of June 2021 has blown up the international financial circle.
TurkmenistanIn an official statement, the president solemnly declared that the country has “Full amount on time.”It has paid back $8.1 billion in loans to China.
This is not a small number. 8 billion dollarsIt is equivalent to nearly 40% of Turkmenistan's GDP that year, which is almost the output value of the whole country for half a year.
Even more shocking is that the money is not finished, this small country with only 7 million inhabitants, turning its eyes to China sent a value. Billions ofThe “big bag.”
What concept? This is equivalent to a "gift" of more than $1,400 shared equally by each Turkmenist.
In today’s world with an international debt default rate of more than 15%, let’s not say to proactively repay money, even repayment on time has become a luxury. Sri Lanka and PakistanThe debt crisis in other countries is still fermenting, and delays and defaults have become the "international norm".
This wave of operation in Turkmenistan is simply the "clear flow" in international relations. not only does not a penny of debt, but also a huge amount of gifts.
The Western media couldn't sit still, and they used "Unprecedented."、 "Shocking."Such words to describe this "anomaly" phenomenon.
This “unusual” is curious: A small country in Central Asia.Why do we take such a “great” action?
The answer is simple, but most people don’t see through the back door.
The truth is often hidden in the simplest logic: it’s not about doing charity, it’s about doing business.
A business concerning the destiny of the country.
This is not about feelings, but about settling a clear account
The choice of Turkmenistan is not moral nobleness, but cleverly calculated。
Take a look at the fundamentals first: Turkmenistan sits 13.6 trillion cubic metersNatural gas reserves ranked fourth in the world.
However, resources alone are useless, the key is to be able to realize them. It's like guarding Jinshan Yinshan, but there are no mining tools and sales channels.
Prior to 2007, Turkmenistan's natural gas was mainly dependent on Russian exports.The result is that the price-setting power was in the hands of others and the "transit fee" had to be paid.
What's even worse is that once there is trouble in political relations, energy exports will depend on people's faces. In 2006, Russia-Turkey energy cooperation broke down, and Turkmenistan's natural gas exports plummeted by 40%.
At this critical moment, ChinaNot only brought out real gold and silver, but also added no political conditions.
$8.1 billion loan to build Turkmenistan by 1833 kmCentral Asian gas pipeline directly to the Chinese market.
What is the value of this pipeline? It gave Turkmenistan for the first time Not dependent on other countries.The independent export route.
After the pipeline was ventilated, the effect was immediately visible. Turkmenistan's share of natural gas exports to China rose from zero to More than 90%。
This means that the Chinese market directly determines Turkmenistan’s national fiscal income.
Look at the numbers every year. 40 billion cubic meters.Turkmenistan's natural gas exports have brought tens of billions of dollars in stable income.
With this income, Turkmenistan's GDP has grown in more than a decade 7 times moreForeign exchange reserves tripled.
To repay the debt on time is not to talk about affection, but to keep this. The Gold Bowl.。
Once China, a big customer, is lost because of its debt, Turkmenistan’s economy may be back to liberation.
This is the pen. Understand the account.: Short-term debt repayment in exchange for long-term cooperation and stability.
One Mirror Two Worlds: Why Choices are So Different
Turkmenistan's choice, like a mirror, reflects two realms of international cooperation.
First of all, the Western set. European-American companies did not initially find Turkmenistan, but the opening is Price of day.。
More than just Gas field mining rightsTurkmenistan is also demanding a "stand-up" in international affairs, simply saying, it requires money for resources, but also political loyalty.
This is like borrowing money to friends, not only to interest, but also to ask people to listen to you later, even to what friends you have to say.
Take a look at China: 8 billion dollarsThere is real gold and silver, and the cooperation agreement is only about energy development, without any political additional conditions.
More importantly, China has also “Take care of”Commitment: Regardless of whether it is used up or not, it will be paid according to the agreed amount every year.
It gave Turkmenistan the most stable income forecast.
By comparison, you will know that the average completion rate of projects of the World Bank and IMF is only 67%, while China's promised project completion rate exceeds 95%。
Numbers don't lie. While other countries are still settling political accounts, China is already helping its partners do so Development Account。
And the result? Turkmenistan has shown the world what cooperation results are with more than 20 bilingual schools, 10 top three hospitals and 2,000 kilometers of renovated roads.
What is even more convincing is that after the regime change in 2022, the new president not only did not change his China policy, but instead upgraded bilateral relations to "Comprehensive strategic partnership"。
This illustrates that a good model of cooperation is not afraid of political change because it is in the fundamental interests of the country.
When Turkmenistan publicly supported China's Xinjiang-related and Hong Kong-related positions at the United Nations General Assembly, those western countries that had offered political conditions could only stare.
True cooperation is far more durable than conditioned "assistance".
The mirror is very clear: on the one hand. Equal mutual benefitOn the other hand, there are additional conditions.
From iron buddies to new paradigms, the world pattern is quietly changing
The story of Turkmenistan is far more than a successful cooperation case.
It is becoming a The new paradigmThe model affects the choices of more and more countries.
Central Asia gas pipeline to China exceeds cumulative gas supply 50 billion cubic meters., driving the contribution rate of GDP growth in the whole Central Asia region to 8-12%.
This demonstration effect is spreading. Kazakhstan and UzbekistanThey have sought to deepen cooperation with China.
Because they see clearly: what kind of partner to choose, determines what kind of development fate.
More interestingly, Turkmenistan is now not satisfied with merely energy trade, but to do it. Full industry chain cooperation。
Construction of natural gas chemical parks, production of high-value products such as methanol, ethanol; increase the harvest rate of gas fields, maximize the value of resources; and even plan solar projects to promote the diversification of energy structures.
From selling resources to selling products, from single trade to comprehensive cooperation, this upgrading path provides new ideas for other resource-based countries.
International Relations Expert Assessment: Middle-earth Cooperation “On the road.”The initiative provides a successful model and reflects the "consult and build and share" principle of a new type of international relations.
The profound significance of this change is that it is redefining international cooperation. The bottom logic.。
Traditional international relations are often the unilateral demands of the strong to the weak; new types of international relations seek mutual respect between equals.
As more and more small and medium-sized countries find pragmatic cooperation and equality more smooth than “assistance” with political conditions, the international pattern begins to slide.
Trade with China in Central Asia is expected to grow in the next five years. More than 60%This is not only the growth of trade numbers, but also the victory of the cooperation concept.
Turkmenistan has proved the truth in 16 years: Mutual benefit and win-winNot a slogan, but a reality that can be achieved.
From case to paradigm, from bilateral to multilateral, a new model of international cooperation is emerging.
What the world is witnessing is not only a wise choice of a small country, but also a profound change in international relations.
conclusion
True international friendship is not based on grace and grace, but on grace and grace. Mutual benefit and respectin the soil.
The choice of Turkmenistan is likely to be a start. More and more countries will find, compared to those accompanied by various conditions, "assistance", Practical Equal CooperationThis change is quietly rewriting the rules of the game of international relations.
In the face of this kind of “Iron Man,” are you also touched by this confidence? Which country will be next?