On this day, 420 years ago, July 13, 1605 (May 28, 1605, the lunar calendar), a 7.5-magnitude earthquake occurred in Qiongshan, Hainan Island. On July 13, 1605 (May 28, the 33rd year of Wanli of the Ming Dynasty), a 7.5-magnitude earthquake occurred in the Wenchang and Qiongshan areas of Hainan Island, Guangdong Province. The rock collapse of the Fannian Silver Mine in Chengmai "overwhelmed hundreds of people." The epicenter was located on the west side of Dongzhai Port, with an intensity of 10 degrees. 72 villages sank to the seabed, killing 3300 people. This is the only major earthquake in my country's earthquake history that caused the land to sink into a sea. The extent of land subsidence is generally 3-4 meters, and the maximum extent of land subsidence into a sea is more than 10 meters. In addition to more than 100 square kilometers of land deep into the seabed in the earthquake zone, thousands of square kilometers of land also sank to varying degrees. The earthquake was felt more than 600 kilometers north in Linwu County, Hunan Province, and the damage range of 6 degrees reached Luchuan and Bobai in Guangxi, more than 300 kilometers away, and the Yangjiang line in Guangdong. On October 21, 1979,"Hainan Daily" reported that after more than four years of hard work, scientific workers discovered traces of a large earthquake that occurred in Qiongzhou in the early 17th century that formed a large land and sea. According to textual research, the Qiongzhou earthquake occurred at Hai o'clock on May 28, the 33rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (that is, midnight on July 13, 1605 AD), with a magnitude of 8 and an intensity of 11 degrees. The epicenter was in today's Qiongshan County. More than 100 square kilometers of land at the junction of Wenchang County in the northern part of the county has sunk into the seabed, becoming today's vast expanse of Puqian Bay, Dongzhai Port, Beichuang Port and Dongying Port. The depth of land subsidence caused by this major earthquake is generally about 3 meters, and some reach more than 10 meters. This discovery provides important historical data for my country's earthquake prediction and prediction work and its basic theoretical research. Historical records show that at midnight on July 13, 1605, a major earthquake occurred in northern Qiongzhou, with an epicenter intensity of 10 degrees and a magnitude of 7.5, causing 72 villages to sink into the seabed and killing more than 3300 people. The severe earthquake areas were Haikou (Qiongshan), Chengmai, Lingao and Wenchang. The earthquake caused land subsidence and sea area to reach more than 100 square kilometers. Nowadays, at low tide, flat ancient cultivated land can be seen in the shallow sea area 10 kilometers long and 1 kilometer wide from Puqian Bay to Beichuang Port; on the beach from Dongzhai Port to Puqian Bay, ruins of ancient villages can be seen faintly; Through the sea water, you can see basalt stone coffins, tombstones, stone wells and chung rice stones arranged in an orderly manner; on the beach not far from Dongzhai Port, there is a well-preserved stage made of square stones. Four kilometers north of Puqian Bay, there is the subsidence site of the ancient "Rencun". Through the 10-meter-deep sea water, the ruins of the village's courtyards and uneven houses are vaguely visible. The seabed between Puqian Bay and Beichuang Port. The magnitude of land subsidence caused by this major earthquake is generally 3-4 meters, and the maximum magnitude of land subsidence into a sea is about 10 meters. The entire subsidence volume drops vertically. This situation is rare in the history of earthquakes at home and abroad. What used to be a small river ditch on land instantly became today's Dongzhai Port; what used to be 72 villages on land were forever trapped in the sea, becoming a rare "underwater village." 400 years have passed, and the ruins of the "underwater village" after the earthquake have become a unique underwater landscape. According to experts, the Dongzhai Port area in Haikou is still sinking at a rate of nearly 10 mm per year. Haikou Submarine Village Relics Scenic Area Introduction The submarine village ruins are located on the seabed of the bay from Dongzhai Port in Qiongshan District, Haikou City to Puqian Town, Wenchang City. It was caused by the disaster of land sinking into a sea caused by a major earthquake during the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty (1605). The maximum magnitude of land subsidence into a sea caused by this major earthquake was about 10 meters, and the entire subsidence plate fell vertically. This situation is rare in the history of earthquakes at home and abroad. The original small river ditch on land instantly became today's Dongzhai Port; the original 72 villages on land fell into the sea forever, becoming rare "underwater villages" in the world. More than 400 years have passed, and the "underwater villages" after the earthquake have become a unique underwater landscape. The wonder of underwater villages is the only ancient cultural site in China where the land fell into a sea due to an earthquake. Nowadays, at low tide, flat ancient cultivated land can be seen in the shallow sea area 10 kilometers long and 1 kilometer wide from Puqian Bay to Beichuang Port. On the beach from Dongzhai Port to Puqian Bay, ruins of ancient villages are vaguely visible. Through the sea water, you can see the orderly arrangement of basalt stone coffins, tombstones, stone wells and rice stones. On the beach of the underwater village not far from Dongzhai Port, there is a well-preserved stage made of square stones. Four kilometers north of Puqian Bay, there is the subsidence site of the ancient "Rencun". Through the 10-meter-deep sea water, the ruins of the village's courtyards and uneven houses are vaguely visible. Under the seabed between Puqian Bay and Beichuang Port, a finely carved "Chastity Arch" with four pillars and three holes is still erected in the water. The "Juewei Gully" across the seabed of Dongzhai Port is a rift left by the earthquake. It is more than 10 meters deep and more than 20 meters wide. On the ancient river in the east of the ditch, there is still a stone bridge across both sides of the river. In recent years, many domestic and foreign tourists have come to underwater villages to visit and explore ancient times. They were deeply attracted by this mysterious earthquake site. They pay tribute to the ancients who fell on the sea due to earthquake disasters, and are more interested in today's tourist resort with pleasant scenery and beautiful and unique crystal palace. Four hundred years ago, a village in northern Hainan fell to the bottom of the sea. Four hundred years ago, a huge disaster befell here, killing countless lives. Seventy-two villages were deep into the bottom of the sea. On July 13, 1605 AD, the sky collapsed here. History records: The earth "at first was like a rolling chariot, and then followed by a bow like the wind, and the soul of the sleeping person was shaken, and the soul of the awakened person was scattered... "The vicissitudes and changes have become clouds. Today, under the 100-square-kilometer sea surface of Dongzhai Port in northern Qiongbei, the submarine village, a site of the Hainan earthquake in the Ming Dynasty, has been sleeping for a full 400 years. Every time the spring tide recedes during the lunar period, this ancient village ruins that fell to the bottom of the sea 400 years ago and were silent in the mud will be displayed in front of future generations. Cultural and cultural experts inside and outside the province believe that this ancient earthquake site, which integrates natural, historical and humanistic connotations, has important scientific research value, archaeological value and tourism value and should be protected. However, when people visit the ruins of the ancient underwater village today, they find that some large and complete relics have disappeared, let alone the protection of the relics. While amazed, I couldn't help but feel deeply sorry and helpless. 1. The "rare" legacy left by the disaster On July 8, before the sky shone, in Linshi Village, Qukou Town, Dongzhai Port, Haikou City, the sea water retreated to its lowest tide, and the shallow waters and the mudflats intertwined in a daze, stretching until the end of the sky. With thoughts about the 400-year-old ancient village, we trudged along the estuary where fishermen went to the sea to a mudflat in the distance. The mud is stuck and rocks are stumbling. When you stop at a highland, you will be at the ruins of the ancient village. Looking up into the distance: the head of the stone well covered by seaweed shells, the pit of the sarcophagus, the stone mortar for pounding rice, and the broken pillars of the house foundation are vividly remembered; at your feet: broken stones and broken tiles, broken square bricks, pots, jars and plates, all in your eyes. A historical record comes back to my mind: On July 13, 1605, from 9 pm to 11 pm, at the junction of Dongzhai Port and Puqian Port in northern Qiongbei, an earth-shaking "pain" suddenly broke out. The earth "at first is like a rolling cart, but then it is like a bow like the wind, and the wind is swaying... The soul of those who sleep is startled, and the soul of those who wake up is scattered... The Confucian Temple, Chenglong Temple, Sheji Altar and various shrines saw the gold and jade prestige disappeared again."Dozens of villages and thousands of hectares of fields collapsed. Mountains were transformed into the sea and people were man-made. Nine out of ten were injured. The Dongzhai River, which was like a small stream, became a vast ocean. Today, the vast sea surface in Dongzhai Port, Puqian Port, Beichuang Bay, Dongying Port in Haikou, as well as the Changliu and Lingao Maiao areas in Haikou, is the product of the great earthquake that year. According to expert research, this earthquake was the largest in Hainan's history; the underwater village has become the only earthquake-land subsidence site in the country. The magnitude of that year was 7.5, the maximum intensity of the extreme earthquake area reached 10 degrees, the focal depth was 15 kilometers, and the maximum vertical rise and fall of the ground reached 3 meters to 4 meters. The land subsidence and sea relics were distributed over more than 100 square kilometers, including dozens of ancient villages, cemeteries, archways, bridges, trees, cultivated land, salt fields, as well as earthquake rift ditches and sand liquefaction, water-blasting zones, etc. The earthquake has a wide range of senses, spanning Nanling in the north to Linwu in Hunan and Guilin in Guangxi, and reaching Huilai and Chaozhou (Haiyang) in eastern Guangdong in the northeast. The local "Zheng's Genealogy","Fu's Genealogy" and "Huang's Genealogy" all record that a total of 72 villages were submerged in the sea during the earthquake. Villagers along the coast regard the underwater villages as treasures. Several young villagers pointed to a sea not far away and said that when the water is clear, you can see an erected chastity archway 7 meters deep into the sea and a stone bridge on the ancient river. Today, the ancient village ruins in the shallow sea are full of memories and feelings. The power of nature has changed so wonderfully: its tunnel through time and space has allowed this important node that witnessed Hainan's economic and social development 400 years ago to solidify under the 100-square-kilometer sea surface in northern Hainan. 2. Large relics continue to be lost. Our guide is one of the "bosses" in the eyes of the villagers of Linshi Village-Huang Hongyuan, an old man who is nearly 70 years old. While leading the way, the old man enthusiastically introduced us to three large relics with relatively complete remains: one is a stone mill, the other is a stone bed, and the third is a stone chair. The stone mill is located by the seaside of Linshi Village; the stone bed and stone chair are not made of stone strips and stone slabs, but are each carved from a complete piece of stone. These two treasures are both in Xiashan Village. On the small island called "floating water pier". The old man searched on the mud beach with several sarcophagi. After wandering for more than 10 minutes, the old man stood among a piece of stone pillars and told us: "The stone mill is gone. I was still lying here two or three months ago." We place our hopes on stone beds and stone chairs. Take a boat to the floating pier. From a distance, this small island looks like a mound that has surfaced from the water; from a closer look, it is round, with a gentle roof and overgrown with weeds and trees. It is said that this is a highland where the village was flooded. There are two ancient tombs on the island, one large and one small, with a conical roof and a stone altar in front of the tomb. There is a stage under the sea nearby that sank to the bottom of the sea. Elder Huang searched every corner of the island and finally reluctantly announced that the stone chair and stone bed were gone. Lao Huang said that when he came to the island two or three years ago, both objects were with him. After returning from fishing, Lao Huang picked up a complete teapot and lamp holder in the mud beach. Although the old man didn't understand its value, he still regarded it as a treasure and kept it at home and never let outsiders see it. Hearing that the reporter needed to take photos of the relics of the underwater village, the old man did not hesitate to take out the two treasures. A young man next door also enthusiastically presented treasures when he saw this. He took out a stone inkstone he had picked up while cleaning behind the village and asked reporters to take pictures of it all. According to Lao Huang, he has had an indissoluble bond with the underwater village since he could remember. Whenever domestic and foreign experts go to underwater villages to investigate and ask him to serve as a guide, he enjoys it. According to Huang Lao's recollections, in the early 1950s, Japanese experts came to conduct an investigation. At that time, they picked up some broken tiles and one or two small coffin boards, and took some photos; in the mid-1970s, Chen Enmin, an expert from the Guangdong Earthquake Administration, led a team to inspect and brought several relatively complete relics back to Guangdong; before the establishment of the province, more than 10 Americans stayed in the village by bus for some time, taking some soil for burying bones in the underwater village, and taking away some broken tiles. 3. Archaeological excavations are almost zero According to official records, the majority of relics on the seabed villages are from the Ming Dynasty. Among other sites, the majority are relics from the Song Dynasty, followed by the Ming Dynasty and the least in the Yuan Dynasty. Among them, there are many tombs from the Song Dynasty. After identification, some ceramic utensils were fired outside Fujian, Chaozhou, Guangdong and other provinces, which could reflect the trade relations at that time. Huang Xilu, the father of Huang Hongyuan, recorded at the Chinese end of the "Huang's Genealogy" that he copied: "The world has changed, and the earthquake has changed the geography of this area and cut off the semi-sea and land route with Puqian City. It turned out that the area of Rulin Village (now Linshi Village) was isolated from Puqian City by only a strip of water. As long as you flow north through a small creek ditch and walk up the eggshell forest, you will reach Puqian City. Farmers in this area often go to shops to do business. Every year in late autumn and early winter, farmers drive their self-raised fat cattle across streams and shops, rush to Jinshan City to sell them, and re-export them to Hong Kong." Because there are few official records, we can only search for sporadic history of underwater villages from the genealogy circulated by local people. However, there are many inconsistent and contradictory statements in these records, which makes us feel filled with doubts. What was the layout and structure of the underwater village at that time? Is there any difference from written records? Has its layout structure changed over the years? What is its cultural connotation? What is the value of scientific research? At that time, what level was this area in Hainan's political, economic and cultural development? What status? What is the status of political, economic and cultural exchanges with the mainland? Answering this series of questions relies on archaeological surveys and excavations. Hao Side, a researcher at the Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, believes that underwater villages are historical relics where natural and cultural landscapes coexist and intersect. They not only have certain historical cultural relics value, but also have great natural science research value; underwater villages obviously have a strong sense of mystery. If its layout can be clarified and ancient villages, houses, ancient temples, tombs, etc. can be more clearly displayed in front of people, it will be a unique tourism resource in the country. The underwater village is a cultural relic protection site in Haikou City. Experts from the Haikou City Museum believe that the fact that 72 villages were submerged into the sea 400 years ago is enough to demonstrate the value of underwater villages. However, underwater archaeological excavations of underwater villages are "zero" in our province. Some experts said that archaeology should provide reference basis and evidence for the earthquake department to conduct scientific research, but our province is the opposite. Many records about underwater villages held by the cultural and cultural department actually come from the scientific research results of the earthquake department. It is understood that underwater archaeology is a new type of archaeological classification that is very difficult. It only began to emerge in our country in the 1980s, and the country attaches great importance to this. At present, there is an underwater archaeological team in China and an underwater archaeological training base has been established in Yangjiang, Guangdong. As a major maritime province, Hainan is listed as a key training object for underwater archaeology in China. At present, five people in our province have obtained underwater archaeology qualifications after receiving training at the underwater archaeology training base. But sadly, their role has never been reflected in underwater villages; Sadly, the only cultural and cultural expert in Haikou City with the qualification of an archaeological team leader has never been to an underwater village. The expert was very helpless: "If there are no conditions to go, it will be useless!" Should I go? Several cultural and cultural experts in Haikou City have the same voice: Haikou's historical and cultural resources are already very limited. Should we let this "treasure" be lost before our eyes? 4. Cultural and cultural experts are "ashamed" to raise protection In order to find the crux of the problem, the reporter learned from the Haikou City Culture and Sports Bureau that since the establishment of the bureau, there has been "no" special funds for cultural relics protection, let alone archaeology. In accordance with the requirements of the relevant notice of the State Council: "Local governments and relevant departments at all levels should incorporate cultural relics protection into local economic and social development plans, urban and rural construction plans, financial budgets, institutional reforms, and leadership responsibility systems at all levels." The notice also requires: "The funds for cultural relics protection arranged in the fiscal budget should increase year by year. At the same time, corresponding policies should be formulated to encourage, guide and widely attract relevant departments, enterprises, institutions and individuals to participate in cultural relics protection." Haikou City has always relied on "reporting" for the protection of cultural relics. If you need to protect any point, make a temporary report. Approve it once and get a little funding. "Protecting underwater villages is a big deal." Yang Zhiming, director of the Culture and Sports Bureau of Haikou City, believes that the protection of underwater villages should have been put on the agenda long ago, but this requires a considerable amount of funding. Should this report be published? Can this protection be done? He had to weigh up "realistic" issues. When mentioning the protection of underwater villages, Zhang Kunrong, director of the Haikou City Museum, replied only with the word "shame." "Undersea villages need protection." He once placed his hopes on the recent "Protection Plan for a Famous Historical and Cultural City of Haikou City." During the planning process, some experts proposed that it is necessary to separate undersea villages and make individual protection plans. However, this suggestion was not adopted. For this reason, Zhang Kunrong felt that he was "exhausted". In the past two years, members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in Haikou City have put forward proposals on protecting and developing underwater villages. Many experts have repeatedly called for: to protect the underwater villages as soon as possible, at least to protect the original ecology and control the sea area. Diving excavation must be prohibited and destructive construction must be prohibited; otherwise, in the near future, this historical node, which is "the only in the country" and "rare in the world", may be beyond recognition. However, both the appeal and the proposal fell into thin air. 5. How to develop it is worth discussing Yan Genqi, a researcher at the Haikou City Museum, said that underwater villages are of great value for tourism development. He said: "When the government lacks financial resources, only cooperative development can become a prerequisite for protection. With protection, the development of historical archaeological research and natural science research can be guaranteed, and existing research results can be enriched." He also believes that Hainan's natural landscape resources have been generally developed and utilized, but the development of cultural relics and historic sites is far from enough. Subsea villages embody the relationship between cultural relics and historical sites and the natural environment that rely on, complement and inherit each other; It has both history and natural phenomena and cultural content. This is undoubtedly a major "highlight" in domestic tourism resources. Once it is successfully developed and utilized, it will be invaluable to enriching Hainan's cultural connotation and enhancing Hainan's popularity. significance. Experts believe that the development of underwater villages requires a large amount of money. Some experts believe that in addition to government investment, a variety of measures can be taken to develop through multi-party financing. For example, preferential policies are used to attract domestic and foreign companies to cooperate, and on the basis of protective development, both parties share benefits. Can it be developed? How to develop? Cultural and cultural experts believe that all this requires government-led and multi-party participation, experts and enterprises to propose feasibility studies, and organize experts from ocean, forestry, water conservancy, environmental protection, earthquake and other parties to conduct extensive and in-depth demonstrations.On this day, 420 years ago, July 13, 1605 (May 28, 1605, the lunar calendar), a 7.5-magnitude earthquake occurred in Qiongshan, Hainan Island. On July 13, 1605 (May 28, the 33rd year of Wanli of the Ming Dynasty), a 7.5-magnitude earthquake occurred in the Wenchang and Qiongshan areas of Hainan Island, Guangdong Province. The rock collapse of the Fannian Silver Mine in Chengmai "overwhelmed hundreds of people." The epicenter was located on the west side of Dongzhai Port, with an intensity of 10 degrees. 72 villages sank to the seabed, killing 3300 people. This is the only major earthquake in my country's earthquake history that caused the land to sink into a sea. The extent of land subsidence is generally 3-4 meters, and the maximum extent of land subsidence into a sea is more than 10 meters. In addition to more than 100 square kilometers of land deep into the seabed in the earthquake zone, thousands of square kilometers of land also sank to varying degrees. The earthquake was felt more than 600 kilometers north in Linwu County, Hunan Province, and the damage range of 6 degrees reached Luchuan and Bobai in Guangxi, more than 300 kilometers away, and the Yangjiang line in Guangdong. On October 21, 1979,"Hainan Daily" reported that after more than four years of hard work, scientific workers discovered traces of a large earthquake that occurred in Qiongzhou in the early 17th century that formed a large land and sea. According to textual research, the Qiongzhou earthquake occurred at Hai o'clock on May 28, the 33rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (that is, midnight on July 13, 1605 AD), with a magnitude of 8 and an intensity of 11 degrees. The epicenter was in today's Qiongshan County. More than 100 square kilometers of land at the junction of Wenchang County in the northern part of the county has sunk into the seabed, becoming today's vast expanse of Puqian Bay, Dongzhai Port, Beichuang Port and Dongying Port. The depth of land subsidence caused by this major earthquake is generally about 3 meters, and some reach more than 10 meters. This discovery provides important historical data for my country's earthquake prediction and prediction work and its basic theoretical research. Historical records show that at midnight on July 13, 1605, a major earthquake occurred in northern Qiongzhou, with an epicenter intensity of 10 degrees and a magnitude of 7.5, causing 72 villages to sink into the seabed and killing more than 3300 people. The severe earthquake areas were Haikou (Qiongshan), Chengmai, Lingao and Wenchang. The earthquake caused land subsidence and sea area to reach more than 100 square kilometers. Nowadays, at low tide, flat ancient cultivated land can be seen in the shallow sea area 10 kilometers long and 1 kilometer wide from Puqian Bay to Beichuang Port; on the beach from Dongzhai Port to Puqian Bay, ruins of ancient villages can be seen faintly; Through the sea water, you can see basalt stone coffins, tombstones, stone wells and chung rice stones arranged in an orderly manner; on the beach not far from Dongzhai Port, there is a well-preserved stage made of square stones. Four kilometers north of Puqian Bay, there is the subsidence site of the ancient "Rencun". Through the 10-meter-deep sea water, the ruins of the village's courtyards and uneven houses are vaguely visible. The seabed between Puqian Bay and Beichuang Port. The magnitude of land subsidence caused by this major earthquake is generally 3-4 meters, and the maximum magnitude of land subsidence into a sea is about 10 meters. The entire subsidence volume drops vertically. This situation is rare in the history of earthquakes at home and abroad. What used to be a small river ditch on land instantly became today's Dongzhai Port; what used to be 72 villages on land were forever trapped in the sea, becoming a rare "underwater village." 400 years have passed, and the ruins of the "underwater village" after the earthquake have become a unique underwater landscape. According to experts, the Dongzhai Port area in Haikou is still sinking at a rate of nearly 10 mm per year. Haikou Submarine Village Relics Scenic Area Introduction The submarine village ruins are located on the seabed of the bay from Dongzhai Port in Qiongshan District, Haikou City to Puqian Town, Wenchang City. It was caused by the disaster of land sinking into a sea caused by a major earthquake during the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty (1605). The maximum magnitude of land subsidence into a sea caused by this major earthquake was about 10 meters, and the entire subsidence plate fell vertically. This situation is rare in the history of earthquakes at home and abroad. The original small river ditch on land instantly became today's Dongzhai Port; the original 72 villages on land fell into the sea forever, becoming rare "underwater villages" in the world. More than 400 years have passed, and the "underwater villages" after the earthquake have become a unique underwater landscape. The wonder of underwater villages is the only ancient cultural site in China where the land fell into a sea due to an earthquake. Nowadays, at low tide, flat ancient cultivated land can be seen in the shallow sea area 10 kilometers long and 1 kilometer wide from Puqian Bay to Beichuang Port. On the beach from Dongzhai Port to Puqian Bay, ruins of ancient villages are vaguely visible. Through the sea water, you can see the orderly arrangement of basalt stone coffins, tombstones, stone wells and rice stones. On the beach of the underwater village not far from Dongzhai Port, there is a well-preserved stage made of square stones. Four kilometers north of Puqian Bay, there is the subsidence site of the ancient "Rencun". Through the 10-meter-deep sea water, the ruins of the village's courtyards and uneven houses are vaguely visible. Under the seabed between Puqian Bay and Beichuang Port, a finely carved "Chastity Arch" with four pillars and three holes is still erected in the water. The "Juewei Gully" across the seabed of Dongzhai Port is a rift left by the earthquake. It is more than 10 meters deep and more than 20 meters wide. On the ancient river in the east of the ditch, there is still a stone bridge across both sides of the river. In recent years, many domestic and foreign tourists have come to underwater villages to visit and explore ancient times. They were deeply attracted by this mysterious earthquake site. They pay tribute to the ancients who fell on the sea due to earthquake disasters, and are more interested in today's tourist resort with pleasant scenery and beautiful and unique crystal palace. Four hundred years ago, a village in northern Hainan fell to the bottom of the sea. Four hundred years ago, a huge disaster befell here, killing countless lives. Seventy-two villages were deep into the bottom of the sea. On July 13, 1605 AD, the sky collapsed here. History records: The earth "at first was like a rolling chariot, and then followed by a bow like the wind, and the soul of the sleeping person was shaken, and the soul of the awakened person was scattered... "The vicissitudes and changes have become clouds. Today, under the 100-square-kilometer sea surface of Dongzhai Port in northern Qiongbei, the submarine village, a site of the Hainan earthquake in the Ming Dynasty, has been sleeping for a full 400 years. Every time the spring tide recedes during the lunar period, this ancient village ruins that fell to the bottom of the sea 400 years ago and were silent in the mud will be displayed in front of future generations. Cultural and cultural experts inside and outside the province believe that this ancient earthquake site, which integrates natural, historical and humanistic connotations, has important scientific research value, archaeological value and tourism value and should be protected. However, when people visit the ruins of the ancient underwater village today, they find that some large and complete relics have disappeared, let alone the protection of the relics. While amazed, I couldn't help but feel deeply sorry and helpless. 1. The "rare" legacy left by the disaster On July 8, before the sky shone, in Linshi Village, Qukou Town, Dongzhai Port, Haikou City, the sea water retreated to its lowest tide, and the shallow waters and the mudflats intertwined in a daze, stretching until the end of the sky. With thoughts about the 400-year-old ancient village, we trudged along the estuary where fishermen went to the sea to a mudflat in the distance. The mud is stuck and rocks are stumbling. When you stop at a highland, you will be at the ruins of the ancient village. Looking up into the distance: the head of the stone well covered by seaweed shells, the pit of the sarcophagus, the stone mortar for pounding rice, and the broken pillars of the house foundation are vividly remembered; at your feet: broken stones and broken tiles, broken square bricks, pots, jars and plates, all in your eyes. A historical record comes back to my mind: On July 13, 1605, from 9 pm to 11 pm, at the junction of Dongzhai Port and Puqian Port in northern Qiongbei, an earth-shaking "pain" suddenly broke out. The earth "at first is like a rolling cart, but then it is like a bow like the wind, and the wind is swaying... The soul of those who sleep is startled, and the soul of those who wake up is scattered... The Confucian Temple, Chenglong Temple, Sheji Altar and various shrines saw the gold and jade prestige disappeared again."Dozens of villages and thousands of hectares of fields collapsed. Mountains were transformed into the sea and people were man-made. Nine out of ten were injured. The Dongzhai River, which was like a small stream, became a vast ocean. Today, the vast sea surface in Dongzhai Port, Puqian Port, Beichuang Bay, Dongying Port in Haikou, as well as the Changliu and Lingao Maiao areas in Haikou, is the product of the great earthquake that year. According to expert research, this earthquake was the largest in Hainan's history; the underwater village has become the only earthquake-land subsidence site in the country. The magnitude of that year was 7.5, the maximum intensity of the extreme earthquake area reached 10 degrees, the focal depth was 15 kilometers, and the maximum vertical rise and fall of the ground reached 3 meters to 4 meters. The land subsidence and sea relics were distributed over more than 100 square kilometers, including dozens of ancient villages, cemeteries, archways, bridges, trees, cultivated land, salt fields, as well as earthquake rift ditches and sand liquefaction, water-blasting zones, etc. The earthquake has a wide range of senses, spanning Nanling in the north to Linwu in Hunan and Guilin in Guangxi, and reaching Huilai and Chaozhou (Haiyang) in eastern Guangdong in the northeast. The local "Zheng's Genealogy","Fu's Genealogy" and "Huang's Genealogy" all record that a total of 72 villages were submerged in the sea during the earthquake. Villagers along the coast regard the underwater villages as treasures. Several young villagers pointed to a sea not far away and said that when the water is clear, you can see an erected chastity archway 7 meters deep into the sea and a stone bridge on the ancient river. Today, the ancient village ruins in the shallow sea are full of memories and feelings. The power of nature has changed so wonderfully: its tunnel through time and space has allowed this important node that witnessed Hainan's economic and social development 400 years ago to solidify under the 100-square-kilometer sea surface in northern Hainan. 2. Large relics continue to be lost. Our guide is one of the "bosses" in the eyes of the villagers of Linshi Village-Huang Hongyuan, an old man who is nearly 70 years old. While leading the way, the old man enthusiastically introduced us to three large relics with relatively complete remains: one is a stone mill, the other is a stone bed, and the third is a stone chair. The stone mill is located by the seaside of Linshi Village; the stone bed and stone chair are not made of stone strips and stone slabs, but are each carved from a complete piece of stone. These two treasures are both in Xiashan Village. On the small island called "floating water pier". The old man searched on the mud beach with several sarcophagi. After wandering for more than 10 minutes, the old man stood among a piece of stone pillars and told us: "The stone mill is gone. I was still lying here two or three months ago." We place our hopes on stone beds and stone chairs. Take a boat to the floating pier. From a distance, this small island looks like a mound that has surfaced from the water; from a closer look, it is round, with a gentle roof and overgrown with weeds and trees. It is said that this is a highland where the village was flooded. There are two ancient tombs on the island, one large and one small, with a conical roof and a stone altar in front of the tomb. There is a stage under the sea nearby that sank to the bottom of the sea. Elder Huang searched every corner of the island and finally reluctantly announced that the stone chair and stone bed were gone. Lao Huang said that when he came to the island two or three years ago, both objects were with him. After returning from fishing, Lao Huang picked up a complete teapot and lamp holder in the mud beach. Although the old man didn't understand its value, he still regarded it as a treasure and kept it at home and never let outsiders see it. Hearing that the reporter needed to take photos of the relics of the underwater village, the old man did not hesitate to take out the two treasures. A young man next door also enthusiastically presented treasures when he saw this. He took out a stone inkstone he had picked up while cleaning behind the village and asked reporters to take pictures of it all. According to Lao Huang, he has had an indissoluble bond with the underwater village since he could remember. Whenever domestic and foreign experts go to underwater villages to investigate and ask him to serve as a guide, he enjoys it. According to Huang Lao's recollections, in the early 1950s, Japanese experts came to conduct an investigation. At that time, they picked up some broken tiles and one or two small coffin boards, and took some photos; in the mid-1970s, Chen Enmin, an expert from the Guangdong Earthquake Administration, led a team to inspect and brought several relatively complete relics back to Guangdong; before the establishment of the province, more than 10 Americans stayed in the village by bus for some time, taking some soil for burying bones in the underwater village, and taking away some broken tiles. 3. Archaeological excavations are almost zero According to official records, the majority of relics on the seabed villages are from the Ming Dynasty. Among other sites, the majority are relics from the Song Dynasty, followed by the Ming Dynasty and the least in the Yuan Dynasty. Among them, there are many tombs from the Song Dynasty. After identification, some ceramic utensils were fired outside Fujian, Chaozhou, Guangdong and other provinces, which could reflect the trade relations at that time. Huang Xilu, the father of Huang Hongyuan, recorded at the Chinese end of the "Huang's Genealogy" that he copied: "The world has changed, and the earthquake has changed the geography of this area and cut off the semi-sea and land route with Puqian City. It turned out that the area of Rulin Village (now Linshi Village) was isolated from Puqian City by only a strip of water. As long as you flow north through a small creek ditch and walk up the eggshell forest, you will reach Puqian City. Farmers in this area often go to shops to do business. Every year in late autumn and early winter, farmers drive their self-raised fat cattle across streams and shops, rush to Jinshan City to sell them, and re-export them to Hong Kong." Because there are few official records, we can only search for sporadic history of underwater villages from the genealogy circulated by local people. However, there are many inconsistent and contradictory statements in these records, which makes us feel filled with doubts. What was the layout and structure of the underwater village at that time? Is there any difference from written records? Has its layout structure changed over the years? What is its cultural connotation? What is the value of scientific research? At that time, what level was this area in Hainan's political, economic and cultural development? What status? What is the status of political, economic and cultural exchanges with the mainland? Answering this series of questions relies on archaeological surveys and excavations. Hao Side, a researcher at the Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, believes that underwater villages are historical relics where natural and cultural landscapes coexist and intersect. They not only have certain historical cultural relics value, but also have great natural science research value; underwater villages obviously have a strong sense of mystery. If its layout can be clarified and ancient villages, houses, ancient temples, tombs, etc. can be more clearly displayed in front of people, it will be a unique tourism resource in the country. The underwater village is a cultural relic protection site in Haikou City. Experts from the Haikou City Museum believe that the fact that 72 villages were submerged into the sea 400 years ago is enough to demonstrate the value of underwater villages. However, underwater archaeological excavations of underwater villages are "zero" in our province. Some experts said that archaeology should provide reference basis and evidence for the earthquake department to conduct scientific research, but our province is the opposite. Many records about underwater villages held by the cultural and cultural department actually come from the scientific research results of the earthquake department. It is understood that underwater archaeology is a new type of archaeological classification that is very difficult. It only began to emerge in our country in the 1980s, and the country attaches great importance to this. At present, there is an underwater archaeological team in China and an underwater archaeological training base has been established in Yangjiang, Guangdong. As a major maritime province, Hainan is listed as a key training object for underwater archaeology in China. At present, five people in our province have obtained underwater archaeology qualifications after receiving training at the underwater archaeology training base. But sadly, their role has never been reflected in underwater villages; Sadly, the only cultural and cultural expert in Haikou City with the qualification of an archaeological team leader has never been to an underwater village. The expert was very helpless: "If there are no conditions to go, it will be useless!" Should I go? Several cultural and cultural experts in Haikou City have the same voice: Haikou's historical and cultural resources are already very limited. Should we let this "treasure" be lost before our eyes? 4. Cultural and cultural experts are "ashamed" to raise protection In order to find the crux of the problem, the reporter learned from the Haikou City Culture and Sports Bureau that since the establishment of the bureau, there has been "no" special funds for cultural relics protection, let alone archaeology. In accordance with the requirements of the relevant notice of the State Council: "Local governments and relevant departments at all levels should incorporate cultural relics protection into local economic and social development plans, urban and rural construction plans, financial budgets, institutional reforms, and leadership responsibility systems at all levels." The notice also requires: "The funds for cultural relics protection arranged in the fiscal budget should increase year by year. At the same time, corresponding policies should be formulated to encourage, guide and widely attract relevant departments, enterprises, institutions and individuals to participate in cultural relics protection." Haikou City has always relied on "reporting" for the protection of cultural relics. If you need to protect any point, make a temporary report. Approve it once and get a little funding. "Protecting underwater villages is a big deal." Yang Zhiming, director of the Culture and Sports Bureau of Haikou City, believes that the protection of underwater villages should have been put on the agenda long ago, but this requires a considerable amount of funding. Should this report be published? Can this protection be done? He had to weigh up "realistic" issues. When mentioning the protection of underwater villages, Zhang Kunrong, director of the Haikou City Museum, replied only with the word "shame." "Undersea villages need protection." He once placed his hopes on the recent "Protection Plan for a Famous Historical and Cultural City of Haikou City." During the planning process, some experts proposed that it is necessary to separate undersea villages and make individual protection plans. However, this suggestion was not adopted. For this reason, Zhang Kunrong felt that he was "exhausted". In the past two years, members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in Haikou City have put forward proposals on protecting and developing underwater villages. Many experts have repeatedly called for: to protect the underwater villages as soon as possible, at least to protect the original ecology and control the sea area. Diving excavation must be prohibited and destructive construction must be prohibited; otherwise, in the near future, this historical node, which is "the only in the country" and "rare in the world", may be beyond recognition. However, both the appeal and the proposal fell into thin air. 5. How to develop it is worth discussing Yan Genqi, a researcher at the Haikou City Museum, said that underwater villages are of great value for tourism development. He said: "When the government lacks financial resources, only cooperative development can become a prerequisite for protection. With protection, the development of historical archaeological research and natural science research can be guaranteed, and existing research results can be enriched." He also believes that Hainan's natural landscape resources have been generally developed and utilized, but the development of cultural relics and historic sites is far from enough. Subsea villages embody the relationship between cultural relics and historical sites and the natural environment that rely on, complement and inherit each other; It has both history and natural phenomena and cultural content. This is undoubtedly a major "highlight" in domestic tourism resources. Once it is successfully developed and utilized, it will be invaluable to enriching Hainan's cultural connotation and enhancing Hainan's popularity. significance. Experts believe that the development of underwater villages requires a large amount of money. Some experts believe that in addition to government investment, a variety of measures can be taken to develop through multi-party financing. For example, preferential policies are used to attract domestic and foreign companies to cooperate, and on the basis of protective development, both parties share benefits. Can it be developed? How to develop? Cultural and cultural experts believe that all this requires government-led and multi-party participation, experts and enterprises to propose feasibility studies, and organize experts from ocean, forestry, water conservancy, environmental protection, earthquake and other parties to conduct extensive and in-depth demonstrations.