In the middle of the 19th century, modern industries gradually emerged in India. The large number of railways were built, which led to the rapid development of the capitalist industry in India. In addition to the textile industry, Indian capitalists also invested in bank credit, steel, hydroelectricity, cement and other sectors, and owned small enterprises such as printing, papermaking, crushing oil.

India's national bourgeoisie has close ties with British capitalists, who depend on British funds, technology and equipment; At the same time, because most of them were transformed from comprador merchants, loan sharks, feudal princes and landlords, they were related to agriculture and feudal land possession system. However, the British colonial government represented the interests of the British bourgeoisie. They only regarded India as a raw material origin, a commodity sales market and an investment place, and never wanted the Indian economy to develop. The British colonial authorities adopted a strangulation policy against Indian national industry and brutally oppressed and plundered Indian workers and peasants, which led to the rise of Indian workers' movement, peasant movement and national bourgeois reform movement, and caused great fear among British colonists. Although the bourgeois reform movement has great limitations, it has played a role in promoting the rise of national movement. In the late 19th century, workers' strikes and peasant uprisings occurred constantly in India, which dealt a powerful blow to the British colonial rulers.

In order to prevent the outbreak of the revolution, the British colonial authorities repressed the workers¡¯ and peasants¡¯ movement and tried to lead the mass movements that had already taken place to the legal and improved non-violent track. British Governor Duffling, after planning with retired colonial officer Hu Jintao, came up with Hu Jintao, lobbying upper-class Indian society and bourgeois intellectuals to persuade them to form a reformist political party. At this time, Indian nationalists were also pushing to form a nationalist political party.

On December 28, 1885, the founding congress of the National Congress of India (referred to as the National Party of India) was held in Mumbai. Representatives from Mumbai, Punjab and other British Indian provinces, mostly the upper classes of the national bourgeoisie, the wealthy classes of bourgeois intellectuals and rural landowners, attended the congress.

At the beginning, the conference established a friendly attitude with Britain. In its opening speech, the chairman of the conference said: ¡°Britannia has endlessly benefited India, and the whole country thanked Britain for it. Britain gave us order, gave us railways, and most importantly gave us the invaluable treasure of European education.¡± The founding assembly passed a total of nine resolutions, the core of which was the demand for national equality and national autonomy; the demand for political reforms, the increase of voters in the House of Representatives; the implementation of protection tariffs; the condemnation of government military spending, etc. It can be seen that the party¡¯s ultimate goal was not national independence but regional autonomy; it advocated the means of improvement rather than revolution. These political claims reflected

The establishment of the Indian People's Party was of positive significance for the national awakening of the Indian people. With the development of the Indian People's Party, a group of small bourgeois, small landowners and freelancers also joined, and the Indian People's Party increasingly showed an opposition to the colonial system. The Indian People's Party was gradually persecuted by the British colonial authorities, but with the support of the Indian masses, during a certain period of history, it became the leading force of the Indian people's struggle for national independence.