101 years ago today, on January 21, 1924 (December 16, 1923 in the lunar calendar), Lenin died. Vladimir Ilich Lenin (Russian §£ §Ý §Ñ §Õ §Ú §Þ §Ú §â §ª §Ý §î §Ú §é §­ §Ö §ß §Ú §ß, English Vladimir Ilich Lenin) (April 22, 1870-January 21, 1924) At 6:50 pm on January 21, 1924, Lenin died of illness in the village of Gork near Moscow at the age of 54. On January 22nd, Stalin and other members of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party went to Gork Village to mourn. On the afternoon of 23rd, Lenin's coffin was moved to Moscow, and a memorial service was held by the Soviet party and state. Within four days, millions of people from all walks of life braved the cold to bid farewell to Lenin's body day and night. Lenin was the founder of the first socialist country. His original name was Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, and Lenin was his pseudonym. Lenin was born on April 22, 1870 in Simbirsk, on the Volga River in Russia. His father was an educational activist with democratic thoughts, and his brother Alexander was executed for participating in the plot to assassinate the czar. Under the influence of his family, Lenin entered the law faculty of Kazan University in the autumn of 1887. However, he was soon expelled from the school, arrested and exiled for participating in the student movement. The following year, after returning to Kazan, he began to study Marx's Capital and Plekhanov's works. In 1892, he began to prepare for the establishment of a Marxist group, translated the Communist Manifesto into Russian, and wrote his first book, New Economic Changes in Peasant Life. At this time, Lenin had changed from a revolutionary * to a communist. In 1895, Lenin founded the Petersburg Workers' Liberation Association in Petersburg. At the end of this year, he was arrested and imprisoned again. After 14 months in prison, he was exiled to Siberia. During his three years in Siberia, he began to use the pseudonym "Lenin", wrote the book "The Development of Russian Capitalism", and married another revolutionary, Krupskaya. In February, 1900, Lenin's exile in Siberia ended. Shortly after returning to Petersburg, he moved to Western Europe, and founded Mars, the first official newspaper of the Russian Social * Labor Party. On July 30, 1903, the Russian Social * Labour Party held a congress in Brussels, at which Bolsheviks with Lenin as the core were formed. Bolsheviks meant majority. The emergence of Bolsheviks and their ideological system marked the formation of Leninism. In November, 1905, after the outbreak of the bourgeois-democratic revolution in Russia, Lenin returned to the motherland to directly lead the revolution, and put forward the strategy of the proletarian party in the democratic revolution. In December, the armed uprising in Moscow failed, and Lenin began his second exile for more than ten years. During this period, he wrote a series of works such as Materialism and Empirical Criticism, Marxism and Revisionism, which made Marxism develop in an all-round way. After the outbreak of the First World War, Lenin put forward the slogan of "turning imperialist war into civil war" and expounded the theory that socialism can win first in one country or several countries. In March 1917, the Tsarist government was overthrown. After hearing the news of the downfall of the tsar, Lenin immediately returned to Russia and actively prepared to launch an armed uprising. Under Lenin's leadership, the Russian people finally won the victory of the October Socialist Revolution. This great victory opened up a new era in the development of human history. After the victory of the revolution, Lenin was elected as the chairman of the first Soviet government. He led the people to smash three armed attacks by foreign invaders and domestic rebellions, and gradually put the economic construction of Soviet Russia on the right track. Lenin in the October Revolution Lenin and Stalin's seriously ill Lenin