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The French Declaration of Human Rights of 26 August 1789
On this day 236 years ago, on August 26th, 1789 (July 6th, 1789 in the lunar calendar), France adopted the Declaration of Human Rights. On August 26, 1789, the French National Assembly adopted the Declaration of Human and Citizen Rights (Declaration of Human Rights). The declaration was later used as the preface to the 1791 Constitution. The Declaration of Human Rights is a programmatic document put forward in the early stage of the French bourgeois revolution at the end of 18th century to oppose feudal dictatorship and clarify the basic principles of bourgeois society. The full text of the Declaration of Human Rights consists of 17 articles. Article 1: "In terms of rights, people are born and always are free and equal. Only in public use can social differences be shown." This affirms in principle that people are equal in rights, which means opposing feudal privilege and feudal hierarchy. Article 2: "These rights are freedom, property, security and resistance to oppression." It clearly puts forward that human rights are the individual's right to freedom, property and resistance to oppression, and emphasizes that human rights are natural and inalienable. Article 6: "All citizens of the country have the right to participate in the formulation of laws in person or through their representatives. The law is the same for all people, whether it is protected or punished. Before the law, all citizens are equal". This article not only puts forward the slogan that everyone is equal before the law, but also embodies the bourgeois idea that "sovereignty lies with the people". Article 8: "No one shall be punished except by law". This article states to act in accordance with the law. Article 10: "No one shall be interfered because of his opinions, even religious opinions, so long as the expression of opinions does not interfere with the public order prescribed by law." This article affirms the bourgeois rights to *, freedom of religion and inviolability of the person. Article 12: "The guarantee of human rights requires armed forces; Therefore, such forces are established for the benefit of all". This article affirms that the government is only trying to protect people's safety and rights, otherwise it should be changed. It denies the sanctity of monarchy and affirms the people's right to decide the destiny of the country. Article 16: "In a society where rights are not guaranteed and separation of powers is not established, there is no constitution". The "separation of powers" mentioned here means "separation of powers". The Declaration clarifies that a new type of state with separation of powers should be used to protect human rights. Only in this way can the arbitrary situation of concentrating three powers on the king be changed. Limit the royal power and realize freedom and equality. Article 17 stipulates: "Property is a sacred right". This laid the class foundation of the Declaration of Human Rights, thus branding each article with the bourgeoisie. The equality, freedom and rights put forward in the Declaration of Human Rights are all based on ensuring private property. In conclusion, the Declaration of Human Rights clearly declares that freedom, equality, property and security are innate and sacrosanct human rights; The principle of "sovereignty lies with the people" was declared; Proclaimed the basic * rights of the bourgeoisie; Private property was declared sacrosanct. The publication of the Declaration of Human Rights shattered the myth of the divine right of monarchy, denied the feudal hierarchy, inspired the great enthusiasm of the revolutionary people, and played a role in mobilizing and organizing the people to participate in the anti-feudal struggle. People held high the banner of "human rights", which dealt a heavy blow to the feudal privileged class and feudal autocratic system, and promoted the in-depth development of the Great Revolution. The Declaration of Human Rights became an important symbol of the thoroughness and typicality of the French Revolution.


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