Today, 377 years ago, on July 11, 1648 (May 21, 1648 in the lunar calendar), Qin Liangyu, the only female general in ancient China, died. In our country's folklore, there have been heroines such as Mulan, Fan Lihua, Liu Jinding, She Taijun, Mu Guiying, etc., leaving behind a series of epic heroic stories. However, most of these characters are limited to the stage, and there are few records in the official history. Even whether there is such a person in history remains to be verified. So far, only Qin Liangyu, a female general of the Ming Dynasty, has been listed separately in the official history and has been confirmed by the court. Qin Liangyu was born in the second year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1574) in a scholarly family in Chongqing, Sichuan. His father was a scholar. When Qin Liangyu was studying with her father and brother since childhood, she loved martial arts and the art of war, showing her superhuman talent. She herself often compared herself with Princess Pingyang, the famous sister of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty! When Liang Yu became an adult, he married Ma Qiancheng, a local chief, and started his real military career. In the twenty-seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1599), Yang Yinglong, the chief of Guizhou, rebelled with great momentum and quickly captured a large area of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. The Ming government sent troops to suppress it. Qin Liangyu and his wife led their unique 3,000 "white pole soldiers" to follow Li Hualong, the governor of Sichuan in the Ming Dynasty, to attack the rebels. Liangyu and his wife managed the army strictly, fought bravely, and used their troops well. They made great military exploits in all previous battles, "ranking first in Nanchuan Road". Li Hualong personally awarded Liangyu a silver medal with the four characters "Female Husband" engraved on it in recognition. In the forty-first year of Wanli (1613), Ma Qiancheng refused to ask Qiu Chengyun, a tax eunuch sent by Beijing, for bribes because of his self-sustaining military exploits. He was framed and imprisoned by Qiu Chengyun, an angry eunuch, and finally died of torture. After her husband's death, Qin Liangyu endured pain with tears in her eyes, put righteousness first, and did not give birth to any rebellious heart. She replaced her husband as chieftain and was loyal to her duties. At the end of Wanli, Nurhachi raised troops in the northeast and began to attack the Ming Dynasty continuously. In the forty-sixth year of Wanli (1618), two years later, in the Salhu War, the Ming army was defeated, and Liaodong was in an emergency. The Ming court recruited elite troops nationwide to aid Liao. Qin Liangyu immediately went north with his brother Qin Bangping and his younger brother Qin Minping, and the court sealed Liangyu a third-grade official position. In the Battle of Shenyang, the "white pole soldiers" fought bravely and killed the enemy bravely, killing thousands of Qing soldiers, while most of the other Ming armies collapsed with the Qing army, which greatly shocked the Qing Eight Banners Army. From then on, Qin Liangyu's "white pole soldiers" became famous all over the world. In the end, due to the disparity, Qin Bangping died in the battle, Qin Minping broke out in blood, and more than 2,000 white pole soldiers died in the battle. The Ming court posthumously presented Qin Bangping, the governor of the dead, and set up a shrine to sacrifice. He also imperially added Qin Liangyu's second-grade official uniform, and sealed a letter patent for praise. Due to many casualties among the soldiers, Qin Liangyu returned to his hometown to raise troops. Soon after he arrived home, Yongning chieftain She Chongming led tens of thousands of troops to launch a rebellion in the name of giving the imperial edict to aid Liao. Without saying anything, Qin Liangyu immediately beheaded the messenger sent by She Chongming to lead troops to counter the rebellion. While most of the other counter-rebellion troops stayed on the sidelines, only Qin Liangyu led his troops forward bravely and won successive victories, quickly putting down the rebellion and recovering lost ground. The Ming court gave merit and awarded it to Qin Liangyu, the commander-in-chief. Liangyu immediately took part in other battles, and his younger brother Qin Bangping died in battle soon. In the third year of Chongzhen (1630), Huang Taiji led the army of Eight Banners, avoided Shanhaiguan, bypassed Xifengkou of the Great Wall, besieged Beijing and ravaged Gyeonggi. After Qin Liangyu received 100,000 urgent imperial edicts from King Qin, he immediately sent troops to the disaster, traveled hard at night, and arrived outside Xuanwumen to station troops. There are more than 200,000 diligent kings, officials and soldiers from all walks of life, but they are all afraid of the ferocity of the Qing soldiers, and no one takes the lead in the battle. Although the number of Qin Liangyu's "white pole soldiers" was only a few thousand, he had always been feared by Manchurian soldiers and fought bravely and bloody battles. Sun Chengzong, the leading commander appointed by Chongzhen, was even better at using troops, and finally forced Huang Taiji to withdraw from the encirclement. After the siege of Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen was deeply emotional, and specially summoned Qin Liangyu on the Beijing platform. He praised the beauty, rewarded him with colorful coins and sheep wine, and wrote four poems to show his merits: First, learn the eight array pictures of Xichuan, and hold a soldier talisman in the mandarin duck's sleeve. Women are willing to accept it, so why should the general be her husband? Two: Shu brocade robes are self-cut, and peach blossoms immediately ask for long tassels. How many strange men are there in the world, who is willing to travel thousands of miles on the battlefield! Three: Sleeping in the wind and dining will never give up, and drinking blood instead of rouge. Kaige immediately cleared the flat song, not when Zhaojun left the fortress. Four: By using the dustpan and broom to make a cantharid arc. A group of cheers shouted. Look at his Nianlin Pavilion, and Danqing first painted a beautiful picture. (The original text of the three characters after the dustpan broom is "Sweeping Hu Lu", and his great-great-grandson Ma Zongda dug up the original three characters for violation of disaster during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty). During Emperor Chongzhen's lifetime, he enjoyed the country's shallow days and encountered many difficulties. He rarely recited poems and composed poems leisurely. Apart from Qin Liangyu's poems, only the five unique poems given to Yang Sichang were handed down from generation to generation. A female chieftain in the southwest border was able to get a poem from the emperor. Qin Liangyu was the first person in the past. By the time of Chongzhen, the Ming Dynasty was already full of internal and external troubles, and the smoke was everywhere. In the seventh year of Chongzhen (1634), Zhang Xianzhong led his army to break Kuizhou and siege Taiping. Qin Liangyu brought troops to the trip, and Zhang Xianzhong fled in panic. In the thirteenth year of Chongzhen (1640), Luo Rucai, the leader of the peasant uprising who was as famous as Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong in the late Ming Dynasty, led his troops into Wushan, and suffered a losing streak for Qin Liangyu. Luo Rucai's master was seized, and his deputy "Taotian" was captured alive. But at this time, the whole Ming Dynasty was on the verge of collapse. Yang Sichang, the capital division who suppressed the rebel army, was ignorant and insidious in his strategic deployment, and had no talent to lead the army. Shao Jiechun, the governor of Sichuan, stuck to the rules, and Qin Liangyu was also alone. In 1644, Li Zicheng invaded Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide. Zhang Xianzhong led the army into Sichuan, occupied a large area, killed countless people, and established the "Great West" regime. Only the Shizhu areas in Zunyi, Lizhou and Qin Liangyu are not classified as "Daxi". Feared by Qin Liangyu's fame, Zhang Xianzhong's troops did not dare to invade Shizhu. Zhang Xianzhong sent someone to send a reward letter to Qin Liangyu and other toast, and most toast from all over the world were afraid to accept it. After receiving the seal, Qin Liangyu immediately destroyed it in public, and generously said, "Both my brothers died in the king's affairs. I have been grateful by the country for twenty years as a wife. Now, unfortunately, how can I spend the remaining years rebelling against thieves! If there are any thieves in Shizhu, the clan will punish them!" Soon, Ma Xianglin, the only son of Qin Liangyu, was previously recruited to Huguang to defend against the enemy by the Ming court and died in Xiangyang. Before his death, he wrote to his mother: "My son vows to live and die with Xiangyang, and I hope your adults don't think about my son's safety!" Seeing his son's bloody letter, Qin Liangyu shed tears like rain and her heart was cut like a knife, but she was a righteous woman. She wrote on the stationery: "Good! Good! My son!" After the Qing army occupied Beijing, the remaining Nanming regimes successively included Hongguang, Longwu and Yongli emperors. However, Qin Liangyu himself is over seventy years old, so it is impossible for him to do much. In 1648, Emperor Yongli sent someone to appoint Qin Liangyu as the Prince Taifu, and Sichuan recruited envoys. The female hero who had been lying in the hospital bed for a long time jumped up and cried, "The old woman's rotten bones for the rest of her life are a gift from the emperor. She must be the forerunner of the crossbow to repay the emperor's kindness!" On July 11th, 1648 (May 21st, the fifth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty), Qin Liangyu died of serious illness and grudge, and died in Yuyin Building, the governor's mansion. Her grandmother was buried in Huilongshan at the age of 75. The inscription on the tombstone can show the unyielding integrity and brilliant feats of this female middle school husband: "Dr. Guanglu of Shangzhu Guo of the Ming Dynasty guarded the tomb of Taijun of Qin in Sichuan and other places, the admiral of Han and Tu officers and soldiers, the general of Zhendong, the governor's office of the Indian and Chinese army." After the Qing army entered Sichuan, Zhang Xianzhong and other rebel troops were pacified, and Qin Liangyu's tomb was ordered not to be damaged, which was preserved until liberation. Unfortunately, in the red wave of 1960s, the tomb was smashed, the coffin was dug, and the bones were thrown into the wild, which made people sigh! Many later generations paid tribute to Qin Liangyu, leaving behind many poems, but Qiu Jin's heroine in the late Qing Dynasty was the best: the ancient and modern times struggled to pass on the female head, but who said that a beauty was not sealed as a marquis. Ma's family daughter, together with Shen's family daughter, once had a fame in Kyushu. In charge of the female chieftain of Gankun, the general adjusted the dust posture. The peach blossom horse with the head of the flower knife is worthy of the name of the lady teacher. Don't pay more attention to a man than a daughter, and the platform verse gives E Mei. I am proud of this, and I believe that heroes once had this.