93 years ago today, on September 15th, 1932 (August 15th, 1932 in the lunar calendar), Japan officially recognized Manchukuo. Japanese Kwantung Army Commander Muto Nobuyoshi and Manchukuo Prime Minister Zheng Xiaoxu signed the protocol at the same time. On September 15th, 1932, Japan announced its official recognition of the puppet Manchukuo. On the morning of the same day, Muto Nobuyoshi led Mu Dai attaché and other people to the puppet government to meet Pu Yi, and signed the Japan-Manchuria Protocol with Zheng Xiaoxu, Prime Minister of the puppet Manchukuo, which has two main contents: "(1) Manchukuo should confirm and respect all rights and interests enjoyed by Japan or its subjects in Manchukuo according to previous treaties, agreements, other clauses and public-private contracts between Japan and China in the future, that is, before Japan and Manchukuo have signed separate agreements. (2) Japan and Manchukuo confirm that all threats to the territory and public security of one contracting party will also become threats to the peace and existence of the other contracting party, and the two countries agree to jointly shoulder the responsibility of defending the country. For this reason, it is necessary for Japanese troops to be stationed in Manchukuo. In the Japan-Manchukuo Protocol, in addition to retaining the secret agreement of March 10th, new secret agreements are added, such as the Agreement on the Management of Railways, Harbors, Air Routes, Air Lines, etc. of Manchukuo Government and the Laying and Management of Railway Lines and its "subsidiary agreements", the Agreement on the Establishment of Airlines, and the Agreement on Providing Mining Rights Necessary for National Defense.