On this day, 136 years ago, October 29, 1889 (October 6, 1889 in the lunar calendar), Chernyshevsky passed away. Chernyshevsky was not only a famous Russian writer, but also a representative figure in the opposition to tsarist serfdom in the 1860s and an enlightener of advanced ideas. His activities were highly praised by Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin. Lenin praised him for "maintaining a complete level of philosophical materialism from the 1950s until 1888." Chernyshevsky was born on July 24, 1828 in Saratov on the Volga River. He was immersed in people's lives in his childhood and witnessed with his own eyes the darkness and cruelty of serfdom. This aroused his strong dissatisfaction and hatred of this decadent system and had a huge impact on the formation of his later revolutionary thoughts. Shortly after graduating from college, Chernyshevsky joined the revolutionary movement in Petersburg. He ruthlessly exposed and criticized the landlords 'crimes of persecuting serfs, and called on farmers to unite and take organized action against the tsar and the landlord class. His activities aroused hatred among the tsarist government. On July 7, 1862, Chernyshevsky was arrested and placed in a solitary cell in the Petersburg Fort. Petersburg Fort was built on the order of Peter the Great in 1703. After its completion, the tsarist government turned it into a cruel and dark political prison, where Gorky was also imprisoned. The solid prison walls deprived Chernyshevsky of his personal freedom, but they could not lock in his revolutionary ideas. The imprisoned Chernyshevsky relied on his perseverance and revolutionary spirit to use every possibility to continue his literary creation. Under extremely difficult conditions, he created the novel "What to Do? ¡·¡£This work is one of the masterpieces of classicism in Russia of the 19th century. It expresses the writer's political, philosophical and aesthetic views through a unique art form. Through his works, Chernyshevsky promotes materialism, exposes reactionary forces, and educates readers to take action to transform dark reality and build a new society where no one exploits others. Chernyshevsky knew well that it was impossible to publish a work that widely criticized the old world in censored magazines, especially when reactionary governments were using all their strength to suppress the revolutionary democratic movement. Therefore, his works adopted Aesop's fable language, used twists and turns, and disguised them with plots describing the love between men and women. They cleverly passed the Tsar's newspaper censor and were allowed to be published in Modern People magazine. When some chapters of the novel were published, they immediately attracted the attention of many advanced characters. People rushed to spread the news and had heated discussions, and were inspired and educated by it. "What should I do?" Only after its advent did the tsarist government realize that they had been deceived. The prosecutor responsible for censoring "Modern Man" was removed and the novel was banned from publication. However, the published magazine has long been circulated among the masses, and its manuscripts have also been widely circulated among the people. The novel was also translated into English, French, German and Italian and published abroad. Chernyshevsky was sentenced by the tsarist authorities to seven years of hard labor and exiled to Siberia for life. On May 19, 1864, an insulting civil disenfranchisement ceremony was held in Rathnin Square in Petersburg. Chernyshevsky was tied to a "pillar of shame" with a sign bearing the words "State Prisoner" on his chest. The executioner broke the sword in two above his head and then escorted him to Siberia to serve hard labor. More than 20 years later, in June 1889, Chernyshevsky was allowed to return to his hometown of Saratov. Years of imprisonment damaged his health, and more than four months later, on October 29, 1889, the great writer passed away.