On this day, 311 years ago, on March 8, 1714 (January 23, 1714 in the lunar calendar), German composer and organist Karl-Philippe Emmanuel Bach was born. Carl Philippe Emanuel Bach, Carl Philippe Emanuel Bach, German composer and harpsichord player. The third son of Johann Sebastian Bach and the most famous of J.S. Bach's sons. Born in Weimar on March 8, 1714, and died on December 14, 1788 in Hamburg. He was not satisfied with the polyphonic writing method commonly used in his father's works and expressed contempt for pure counterpoint. His works were of typical significance in the mid-18th century. Its essence lies in its elegance and exquisite refinement, and it has a deep understanding of the performance of keyboard instruments. He has amazing improvisation skills. As a performer, he is known for his accurate techniques, beautiful timbre and deep emotion. He has written a large number of vocal and instrumental music, including two oratorios: "Israel in the Wilderness"(1775) and "The Resurrection and Ascension of Jesus"(1787); fifty keyboard concertos and several sets of keyboard sonatas. (See A. Watercairn's "A Catalog of Themes of the Works of C.P.E. Bach", 1905) The sonata he composed shows that the thematic treatment of contrast tonality has gradually matured, and the classical sonata form has developed from this. The influence of opera can be seen in the sentimental Andante movement and the occasionally used instrumental recitative. The paper "Correct Playing of Keyboard Instruments"(two episodes, 1753 and 1762) is a valuable guide to the playing style of keyboard instruments at that time, especially the treatment of decorative sounds (modern edition compiled by W. Nieman, 1925; translated into English by W.J. Mitchell, 1949). Carl Philippe Emmanuel Bach's symphonies, concertos, keyboard sonatas and other works have a significant influence on the development and improvement of classical sonata forms. He is a pioneer of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.