On this day, 45 years ago, on November 13, 1980 (October 6, 1980 in the lunar calendar), the American spacecraft "Voyager 1" flew past Saturn. The charm of Saturn's rings On November 13, 1980, the American spacecraft "Voyager 1" swept past Saturn 124.237 kilometers away. It left the Saturn region on the 20th and continued to fly in the solar system. The spacecraft weighs 1 ton, uses atomic energy and does not carry people. While flying near Saturn, it automatically sent back more than 10,000 color photos and various data about Saturn, its rings and moons, some of which surprised scientists. Some scientists say that in the past week, we have learned more about Saturn than we have in the entire history of mankind. In the past, it was thought that Saturn's six rings were neatly and proportioned in space. Through this field exploration of "Voyager 1", it was found that it was much more complex than originally known. There are hundreds, if not thousands, of rings of varying sizes in its ring plane, most of which are symmetrical around Saturn. It looks like ripples on a record. But some are asymmetrical. Some of their shapes are serrated and some are radiating. Some of them have clear lines, some are smooth and well-proportioned. What puzzled scientists most was that some of the rings were twisted together like hair braids. Scientists believe that this obviously cannot be explained by the theory of orbital mechanics, and there may be other forces in addition to gravity. The results of this exploration proved that Saturn's rings are composed of countless particles, ranging from 7.6 centimeters to 9 meters in diameter, and they orbit Saturn at a great speed. In addition, these particles were found to be electrical conductors and can emit radio signals with a power of millions of watts. This process seems to be similar to the process of thunderstorms that occur on earth. Voyager One's exploration also proved that Saturn's satellite, Titan, is not the largest satellite in the solar system as people thought in the past. It has a diameter of only 4828 kilometers, while Jupiter's satellite, Ganymede, has a diameter of 5150 kilometers, so Titan had to relegate to second place. Titan is the only known satellite with an atmosphere in the solar system. In the past, its atmosphere was thought to be mainly composed of methane. This time, it was discovered that the atmosphere of Titan is mainly composed of nitrogen, accounting for about 98%, and methane is less than 1%. It also contains small amounts of ethane, ethylene, acetylene and hydrogen. Scientists found from Voyager One infrared detection data that there are life-related molecules at the top of Titan's clouds. Scientists believe that it is likely a pre-life hydrocyanic acid molecule. But this does not mean that there is life on Titan. Titan's atmosphere is about 2700 kilometers thick, and the atmospheric temperature is minus 201 degrees Celsius. Due to its low temperatures, nitrogen in its atmosphere may be in a liquid state, forming lakes of liquid nitrogen on the satellite's surface. Titan is like a power plant. It emits radio waves with a voltage of up to 6000 volts and a power of 20,000 watts. This is believed to be the result of the interaction between the ionosphere and the magnetic field.