55 years ago today, June 21, 1970 (May 18, 1970, the first President of the Republic of Indonesia, Sukarno, passed away. Ahmed Sukarno Ahmed Sukarno is the leader of the Indonesian National Independence Movement, a well-known bourgeois politician, and the first president of the Republic of Indonesia. Sukarno was born on June 6, 1901 in Surabaya (Surabaya), East Java, to an indigenous aristocratic family. Named Kusno Sozro Sukarno. After graduating from high school in 1921, Sukarno entered the Bandung Institute of Technology, which had just been established for two years. As chairman of the Bandung Branch of the Java Youth Association, he often delivered speeches, advocated nationalism, opposed Dutch colonial rule, and actively engaged in political activities. From May 27 to 30, 1928, the Indonesian Nationalist Association held its first National Congress in Surabaya. Based on Sukarno's report, the Congress proposed in its "Program Purpose" that its goals of struggle were: to change the structure of Indonesian social life; Eliminate political dependence; end the Dutch regime; and adopt the path of persuasion and non-cooperation to get Indonesia rid of the Netherlands. The congress decided to change its name to the "Indonesian National Party"(also known as the "National Party "), and Sukarno was elected chairman. The development of the Indonesian national movement has made the Dutch authorities increasingly uneasy. On December 10, 1929, Sukarno was arrested in Yogyakarta and held in prison in Bandung. After the court began the trial in August 1930, Sukarno made an impassioned speech for two days in his defense at the beginning of the month. He exposed the Dutch colonial rule of Indonesia and promoted the Indonesian people's just struggle for national independence. This famous speech was later published under the title "Indonesia's Accession". On December 22, he was sentenced to four years in prison. After an appeal in 1931, he was released from prison on December 31. Sukarno returned to Surabaya and received warm greetings from the masses along the way. On August 1, 1933, after attending an Executive Committee meeting in Jakarta, Sukarno was arrested again and imprisoned in Sugamiskin. Began a nine-year exile. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Japanese invading army occupied Indonesia in March 1942 and established a military government. Sukarno fled during the evacuation of Dutch troops and hid in Padang, the port of West Sumatra. The Japanese occupation forces approached Sukarno, and after the Japanese authorities agreed to finally grant Indonesia independence, Sukarno agreed to work for the military authorities. As Japan's defeat approaches, the Indonesian people's struggle for national liberation has entered a new stage. On the morning of August 17, Sukarno announced Indonesia's independence and the founding of the Republic of Indonesia at a mass rally. In the afternoon, the news was broadcast to the whole country. Indonesia's declaration of independence was also distributed across the country. Revolutionary people in various places seized weapons from the Japanese army, rose to power, and occupied major cities. On August 18, the Indonesian Independent Preparatory Commission approved the Constitution of the Republic and elected Sukarno and Hada as President and Vice President. After the end of the war, Dutch imperialism returned to Indonesia in an attempt to rebuild colonial rule. The Netherlands first forced the government of the Republic to sign the "Linyaetti Agreement" on November 15, 1946, and decided to form the "Netherlands-Indonesia Alliance" with the Queen of the Netherlands as the head of state. The first colonial war was then launched on July 21, 1947. On January 12, 1948, the government of the Republic was forced to sign the "Renville Agreement", which stipulated an on-site ceasefire and reiterated that the Republic of Indonesia must join the Indonesian Federation and the Netherlands should exercise sovereignty in Indonesia. On January 29, Sukarno appointed Vice President Hada to form a "presidential cabinet." In September, the Hada government created the "Qurifen Incident" to suppress and persecute Communists. On December 19, 1948, the Netherlands launched the Second Colonial War against the Republic of Indonesia. Yogyakarta was surrounded and occupied that day, and Sukarno was arrested again. He refused Dutch demands that he order the Republic to end its resistance and was imprisoned in Prapatt on Lake Toba. The United Nations Security Council passed proposals calling for a ceasefire between the two sides, the release of Sukarno and others by the Netherlands, the restoration of the government of the Republic of Indonesia in the Yogyakarta region, and the "transfer of sovereignty" by the Dutch "interim government" to Indonesia. On April 14, 1949, the Netherlands was forced to reopen negotiations and reached a compromise on May 7 and signed a ceasefire agreement. On June 30, the Dutch army withdrew from Yogyakarta. On July 6, a United Nations plane transported Sukarno and others from Gbarnga to Yogyakarta. On August 23, a roundtable meeting was held in The Hague, the Netherlands, and the "Hague Roundtable Agreement" was signed on November 2. The Netherlands recognized Indonesia's independence, but the Netherlands still holds real power in political, economic and military aspects. On August 15, 1950, the unified Republic of Indonesia was re-established, and Sukarno still served as President. Under the resolute struggle of the Indonesian people, on August 10, 1954, an agreement was reached with the Netherlands to cancel the "Netherlands-Indonesia Alliance", and on April 21, 1956, the "Hague Roundtable Agreement" was abolished.