On this day, 902 years ago, on September 19, 1123 (August 28, the 1123 year of the lunar calendar), Wanyan Aguda, the Taizu of the Jin Dynasty, passed away. Wanyan Aguda (August 1, 1068-September 19, 1123) was a Jurchen nationality and the founding emperor of the Jin Dynasty. The Han Dynasty was named Ming. He was a great leader of the Jurchen nationality and was of fundamental significance for the Jin Dynasty to destroy the Liao Dynasty and unify the north. In the fourth year of Tianqing, troops rebelled against the Liao Dynasty. In the first month of 1115, the founding of the country was named Jin, with the year title "Shouguo", and the capital Huining Prefecture was established. In December of the same year, Emperor Da Sheng was added, and the following year the title was changed to Tianfu. During his reign, the Meng 'an Mouke system was changed into a military administrative organization, and in the third year of Tianfu (1119), the Jurchen script was promulgated. In August 1123, he led his troops back to Shangjing and passed through the Luoxi Palace of the Ministry. He died of illness on the way. In September, he was buried in the southwest of Shangjing Palace City. The posthumous title of Emperor Wuyuan, and the temple name was Taizu. In the early days, the Jurchen people were divided into dozens of tribes that were not affiliated with each other. The Wanyan family did not have a prominent position among the Jurchen tribes. By the time Wugunai was appointed Minister of Wanyan, the Wanyan family developed into a powerful tribe and conquered and united more than a dozen tribes to form a tribal alliance. Wugunai became the chief of the tribal alliance and was awarded the title of Jiedushi by Liao. Wugu used the support of the Liao Dynasty to intensify its activities to unify the various Nuzhen tribes. After Wugunai's death, his son impeached Libo to succeed as the alliance leader. Piao Libo and his brother Yingge defeated the active Heshilie tribe and consolidated the tribal alliance. By this time, the tribal alliance had expanded to include 30 tribes. Moreover, the internal class division has become increasingly obvious, and the prototype of a slave country has begun to take shape. Since the accession of Emperor Tianzuo, the Khitan aristocrats have increasingly oppressed and extorted the various tribes of the Jurchen. In addition to paying tribute to the Liao Dynasty in a regular and quantitative manner, the local products of the Jurchen area, such as ginseng, mink skin, famous horses, beeswax, linen, etc., officials and profiteers on the northeastern border of the Liao Dynasty, with the connivance of the court, often went to the market to forcibly purchase them with "low values", known as "beating the Jurchen". This had long planted hatred in the hearts of the Jurchen people. In October 1113, Aguda, the second son of Libo, was impeached to succeed as the alliance leader, claiming that Dubo was extremely strong. Aguda once won many battles in order to consolidate the alliance of the Wanyan Tribe. He accepted the official title of Tiyin of the Liao Dynasty and was an important figure in the Wanyan Tribe who mastered military strength. When Aguda succeeded, the alliance between the various Jurchen tribes had been consolidated. There is enough strength to resist Liao's pressure. In June 1114, Emperor Tianzuo of Liao sent envoys to award Aguda the title of Jiedushi. Aguda sent Xi Gunai and others to the Liao Dynasty to ask for Ashu, the minister of Xingxianshui Heshilie, who had fled to the Liao Dynasty, in order to find out about the actual situation within the Liao Dynasty. Xi Gu thanked Emperor Tianzuo of Liao for his arrogant rule. Aguda built castles and repaired equipment, preparing to invade the Liao Dynasty south. Emperor Tianzuo of Liao ordered Xiao Tabu to lead 800 Khitan and Bohai soldiers into Ningjiang Prefecture for defense. Aguda mobilized the troops of various tribes and decided to attack Liao. In September, he marched to Ningjiang Prefecture. The soldiers of all tribes met at Lailishui, with a total of 2,500 people. Aguda led his soldiers to sacrifice to heaven and earth, took the oath, and said: "You work together and work hard. Those who have made contributions can serve as civilians, and civilians can serve as officials. Those who originally had official positions can be promoted according to their merits. If you violate the oath and die, your family cannot be forgiven." The next day, he arrived at the Liao border and met the Bohai Army. Aguda shot and killed Liao general Yelu Xie Shi. The Liao army was defeated, and seven out of ten died. In October, the Jurchen soldiers seized the victory and captured Ningjiang Prefecture City. Aguda also sent people to surrender the Bohai people of the Tieli tribe and the Nvzhen of Liao nationality (Hesuguan Jurchen who was incorporated into Liao nationality) under the rule of the Liao Dynasty. Aguda captured a large number of horses and property and returned successfully. In November, Xiao Sixian, the commander of the Liao Dynasty, and Xiao Wuna, the deputy commander of the Liao Dynasty, led various armies to attack the Jurchen Dynasty and concentrated in Yazi Hebei. Aguda led 3,700 troops to resist the enemy. The Liao soldiers were preparing to cross the river, but the Jurchen army repelled them head-on and took advantage of the situation to cross the river and land on the shore. The two armies met at Chuhedian. A strong wind rose and dust covered the sky. The Jurchen army took advantage of the situation to attack, defeated the Liao soldiers, and captured a large number of chariots, horses, armor, and weapons. Aguda collected the captured Liao soldiers into the Jurchen Army. The Jurchen army grew to 10,000 people. The Battle of Chuhedian was a decisive battle. The Jurchen army successfully won and was unstoppable. The Jurchen army took advantage of the victory and divided its troops to advance. Bojin Orugu killed Liao Jiedushi Tabu Ye and captured Pennsylvania. I saw Bu and Pu Cha defeat the Liao generals Chi Gouer and Xiao Yi Xue in the east of Xiangzhou. The two armies of Liao, Wohu and Jisai surrendered. Orugu defeated the Liao army in the west of Xianzhou and captured Xianzhou together with Wanyan Loushi. The Jurchen tribal alliance gradually ruled the neighboring tribes, and during the Aguda period, it went on to capture the vast areas such as Ningjiang Prefecture, Binzhou, and Xianzhou under the rule of the Liao Dynasty. The development of Jurchen slavery and the expansion of foreign plunder have increasingly pushed the old system of clans and tribes to the end of history. The conditions are ripe for establishing an institution of class oppression-the state. In 1113, Aguda sent troops to win the victory and shot dead the tenth descendant of Yelu Xie, the prime minister of the country, Sagai, sent his eldest son Wanyan Zonghan and the son of Huandu, Wanyan Xiyin (by the time of Wu Yasu, Huandu had died of illness) to Aguda to propose a country and declare himself emperor. In 1114, after the Jurchen army successively captured Pennsylvania and Xianzhou, Aguda's younger brothers Wu Qimai, Sagai, Cibulose and others supported Aguda to establish the country. On the New Year's Day of the first month of the summer calendar in 1115, Aguda became the emperor and established a country of slave owners. The country was named Dajin, and the year was named Reunification. After the establishment of the Jin Dynasty, the original system of tribal alliance chiefs was abolished, and Aguda claimed to be emperor and established imperial rule. Aguda did not imitate the Han system and establish a crown prince like ABaoji did when he founded the Liao State. The succession of the throne still temporarily retains traces of election, but in fact it was completely in the hands of the Aguda family. In the first month of the first year of seizing the country (1115), Taizu of the Jin Dynasty immediately attacked Huanglong Prefecture of the Liao Dynasty after establishing the Jin Dynasty. Jin Taizu personally led his troops to the ancient city of Daru, defeated the Liao army, and returned in plunder. In August, taking advantage of the fact that the Liao army was unprepared, they marched towards Huanglong Mansion. In September, Huanglong Prefecture City was captured. Huanglongfu was an important town in the northern part of the Liao Dynasty. When Emperor Tianzuo of Liao learned that Huanglong Prefecture had fallen, he led more than 100,000 Khitan and Han troops to attack Jin on a large scale. Jin Taizu led 20,000 troops to meet the enemy. The Jin and Liao armies met at Hubudagang. The Liao army was defeated, the dead joined each other, and Emperor Tianzuo fled. The Jin army looted a large number of weapons, property, cattle and horses. After this battle, the main force of the Liao Army was defeated and it was difficult to establish a country. In the first month of the second year of Shouguo (1116), Gao Yongchang, a Bohai native, occupied Tokyo and rebelled against Liao. Emperor Tianzuo successively sent Zhang Lin and Yeluchun to recruit troops to suppress it. Gao Yongchang asked Jin for help. Jin Taizu took the opportunity to order Oru (Sagaidi) to lead the internal and external armies to attack Gao Yongchang. In May, Gao Yongchang was defeated and killed. Tokyo Prefecture, all occupied by the Jin Dynasty. Jin Taizu added the name of the Great Sage Emperor and changed the title of next year to Tianfu. In 1117, Guolun Yebo Ji Lie Xie Ye led 10,000 Jin troops to attack Taizhou. Orugu and others captured Xianzhou. Qian, Yi, Hao, Hui, Cheng, Sichuan, Hui and other prefectures surrendered one after another. The imminent demise of the Liao State has been determined. The Song Dynasty sent envoys to Jinying to attack the Liao Dynasty (see Volume 5 of this book for details). The Liao Dynasty sent envoys to negotiate peace. The Liao envoy made several rounds. In June 1119, Xi Nilie, the Taifu of the Liao Dynasty, came with a seal and named Taizu of the Jin Dynasty "Emperor of the Donghuai State." Taizu of the Jin Dynasty refused to agree and said to his ministers: "The Liao people have been defeated repeatedly and sent envoys to seek peace, only pretending to be false words. As a tactic to delay the war, we should discuss and discuss the advance. "In April 1120, the Jin soldiers marched to Shangjing in Liao, ordering Liao envoy Xi Nilie and Song envoy Zhao Liangsi to accompany them. The Jin soldiers arrived at the capital, and Taizu of the Jin Dynasty personally supervised the battle. An attack was launched in the morning and Shangjing was captured before noon. Liao Shangjing stayed behind Ta Buye surrendered. Emperor Tianzuo fled to Xijing. The Jin soldiers successfully marched. More than half of the territory of the Liao Dynasty had been occupied by the Jin soldiers. In 1121, Yelu Yu Jian, the governor of Liao Dynasty, came to surrender. Jin Taizu thus further learned of the emptiness within the Liao State and decided to send troops again. Emperor Taizu of the Jin Dynasty appointed Hulubo's extremely strong Wanyan Gao (Xieye) as the commander of all internal and external armies. Take Wanyan Yu (Yin Yuy). The younger brother of the impeacher and the son of the impeacher), Zong Han (the eldest son of Sagai), Zong Gan (the eldest son of Taizu), and Zong Wang (the second son of Taizu) were the deputies, leading the attack of the soldiers. Emperor Taizu of the Jin Dynasty issued an edict saying: "Liao's politics are not strict, and people and gods will abandon them together. Now that you want to unify China and foreign countries, I order you to lead an army to launch a crusade." The capture of Liao Dynasty territory was clearly made the goal of this operation. In 1122, Wanyan Gao of the Jin Dynasty captured Beijing in central Liaoning and occupied Zezhou. Emperor Tianzuo of Liao fled to Yuanyangpu. Wanyan Gao and Zonghan split up and attacked Yuanyangpu. Emperor Tianzuo fled to Xijing again. The Jin soldiers captured Xijing and then surrendered Tiande, Yunnei, Ningbian, Dongsheng and other prefectures. Captured A Shu, Minister of Heshilie, who fled to the Liao Dynasty. Emperor Tianzuo fled into Jiashan. When the Jin soldiers won a great victory, Wanyan Gao ordered Zong Wang to report the victory to Jin Taizu and held a banquet in the court to celebrate. In June, Taizu of the Jin Dynasty personally led his troops from Shangjing to pursue Emperor Tianzuo of Liao Dynasty until he reached Dayubo. Wanyan Yu and Zongwang's troops chased after Emperor Tianzuo and defeated the Liao army. Emperor Tianzuo fled again. Guihua and Fengsheng surrendered one after another. Jin Taizu led his army to Fengsheng Prefecture. The Liao ministers of Weizhou also came to surrender. In December, Taizu of the Jin Dynasty led Zongwang, Loushi and other troops to Yanjing in Liao Dynasty. At this time, the Song army cooperated from Yanjing South Road to attack Liao. In the small court of the Liao Dynasty in Yanjing, Yelvchun died and Consort Xiao De fled. Zuo Qigong, Yu Zhongwen and other Han ministers opened the gate to surrender gold. Jin Taizu entered Yanjing City and accepted congratulations from officials. The Jin soldiers won a great victory. In 1123, the Jin soldiers plundered all the craftsmen and treasures in Yanjing. According to the conditions agreed upon with the Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty allocated the land of the six prefectures of Yanjing to the Song Dynasty. Oru, Zongwang and others continued to pursue Emperor Tianzuo. Jin Taizu led his troops back. In August of the same year, Jin Taizu died of illness on the way back to Shangjing. Aguda, Taizu of the Jin Dynasty, as the chief leader of the Jurchen slave owners, completed two major events: founding the country and breaking the Liao Dynasty. The history of the Jurchen people thus began a new era.