On this day, 29 years ago, September 10, 1996 (July 28, 1996, the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty was born. On September 24, 1996, Qian Qichen, then Vice Premier and Foreign Minister of China, signed the treaty. On September 10, 1996, the 50th session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty with 158 votes in favor, 3 votes against (India, Bhutan, Libya), and 5 abstentions (Lebanon, Syria, Mauritius, Tanzania, Cuba). On September 24, the treaty was opened for signature by all countries at the United Nations. A group of countries, including China, were the first to sign the treaty on that day. The ideal of banning nuclear tests first proposed by Indian Prime Minister Nehru in 1954 will finally be reflected in the form of an international legal instrument after years of efforts and more than two years of arduous negotiations by the international community. In theory, nuclear tests can be carried out in four environments: outer space, atmosphere, underwater and underground. The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Tests in Outer Space, the Atmosphere and Under Water (known as the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty) concluded in 1963 has more than 100 states parties. Among the nuclear states, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union are all parties. Although France and China have not joined this treaty, France and China have limited nuclear testing underground since 1975 and 1980, and no one in the world conducts nuclear testing in the other three environments. So, in a practical sense. The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty is mainly aimed at underground nuclear testing. Some countries once wanted to achieve a comprehensive nuclear test ban by amending the Partial Test Ban Treaty and expanding it to include a ban on underground nuclear tests. However, the treaty failed because of the lack of universal participation, too simple content, and no verification clauses. However, after all, the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty is the first time in history that it has legally banned all nuclear tests around the world, bringing a permanent end to nuclear testing. It is generally believed that the development of nuclear weapons, especially nuclear weapons with real deterrence and actual combat capabilities, must undergo multiple nuclear explosion tests. Since its first nuclear test on July 15, 1945, the United States has conducted more than 1000 nuclear tests, the Soviet Union more than 700, France more than 100, and France more than 40. China has also conducted more than 40 nuclear tests, the fewest among the nuclear-weapon states. Since the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty prohibits all test explosions, it limits the development and quality and improvement of nuclear weapons, prevents the nuclear race, and thus begins the first step in nuclear disarmament, which will help advance the process of comprehensive nuclear disarmament. On the other hand, in the current world, nuclear technology is very popular, and many countries already have the technical ability to develop nuclear weapons. The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty prevents countries that do not currently possess nuclear weapons from acquiring and developing nuclear weapons through nuclear test explosions, thus becoming an effective measure to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Of course, the significance and role of the CTBT are also limited. First of all, the treaty stipulates that 44 countries, including India, must join before the treaty can enter into force; and India still refuses to join the treaty. As a sovereign country, India certainly has the right to make this choice. However, the treaty may not enter into force for a long time because of this. It can only have a political and moral role, but not legally binding. Secondly, the treaty must be widely adhered to and universally observed in order to be truly effective, but there is no guarantee for this at present. Third, the treaty allows the use of national technical means for monitoring on the issue of on-site verification. Since only a few developed countries have advanced national technological means, this seemingly fair rule is actually extremely unfair. However, the use of these technologies is subjective and discriminatory, which may lead to abuse or misuse of on-site inspections.