On this day, 165 years ago, on March 21, 1860 (February 29, 1860, the lunar calendar), Liu Depei Uprised in Zichuan. He was diligent and studious in his childhood, and later became a private teacher. The Liu Depei Uprising was the largest and most influential peasant uprising launched from Zibo area in history. Liu Depei Uprising in Zichuan (1860 - 1863) During the Xianfeng and Tongzhi years, the Zichuan Army, a local peasant uprising in Shandong, which revolved around the Taiping Rebellion and the Nien Army Uprising. Its leader Liu Depei, also known as Xueyan, was from Zhifang Village, Dongguan, Zichuan. He had five brothers in his family. He ranked second, so he was known as "Second Brother Liu" among the masses. This person came from a poor family, went to a scholar, taught a private school, and came from a poor intellectual in the countryside. In the autumn of 1860 (the tenth year of Xianfeng), Duoren, the magistrate of Zichuan County, collected excessive taxes and collected grain. The masses became angry and caused trouble in the water transportation. He wrote a petition to resist Cao Cao for the masses, and planned to gather people to go to the county government to reason with the magistrate. He was arrested and sentenced to death because the matter was leaked. The people jointly released him on bail. Duo Ren rushed him to Jinan and escaped on the way. During the asylum period, they began to carry out anti-Qing propaganda, organized people's armed forces, and waited for an opportunity to rise. On the night of March 21, 1861 (February 11, the 11th year of Xianfeng), Zhang Shanji and Sun Quanren, leaders of the White Lotus Church in Qiu County, northwest Shandong, led hundreds of people to storm the county seat."Robbing warehouses and looting criminals" was the beginning of the storm of peasant uprising in northwest Shandong. In August, the government ordered a regiment training exercise to resist the Nian Army, and he took the opportunity to establish the "Xinhe Corps". There are hundreds of people in the team and they serve as their own leader. In October, he led the people to launch the second anti-grain struggle. More than 1000 people rose up and rushed to the county seat, killed the grain officer, forced Duoren to cancel the regulations on floating harvesting of grain grain, sent people's representatives to collect grain on behalf of the government, and ordered Duoren to set up a monument according to public opinion, and withdraw only when the people won. In July 1862 (the first year of Tongzhi), he led the "Xinhe Group" to move to Xiguan, the county seat. Coinciding with an incident of a citizen claiming compensation from a pawnshop, the "Xinhe Group" stepped forward and forced the pawnshop to compensate 800 taels of silver, greatly increasing its prestige, and thousands of people requested to join the group. In August, the Youth League Bureau moved to the city, controlled the weapons and gunpowder of the County Youth League Bureau, executed Chen's father and son who falsely accused him and Li Fengshao, the county magistrate who plotted to break the city, and publicly raised the anti-Qing banner. The regiment publicly recommended him as the "Grand Marshal of the Commanding and Punishing" and later renamed him the "Great Han Virtuous Lord". The establishment of political power consisted of military advisers, military advisers, military ministers, general and other posts, and the establishment of the Dragon and Phoenix Banner. Its program: to eliminate the Qing Dynasty, pacify the Manchuria, and revitalize the Han Dynasty. The title of Emperor Qing was abolished and the year was changed to Ganzhi, advocating that officers and soldiers cut their braids to show their irreconcilability with the Qing court. Liu Depei led an uprising that panicked the Qing court. In September, Shandong Governor Tan Yanxiang sent more than 4000 infantry and cavalry from Manying in Qingzhou to surround Zicheng. The rebels led by Liu Depei were trapped in a tight encirclement, but they were full of fighting spirit and fought tenaciously. The Qing army was defeated repeatedly in many battles, and the city could not be conquered. By the spring of 1863 (the second year of Tongzhi), the Qing army was forced to change its commander in chief five times. In May, the Qing court sent monk Gelinqin to lead an army to suppress and invade Zichuan. Three sieges in two consecutive months failed. Monk Gelinqin urgently dispatched more than 20,000 government troops to reinforce the city and intensified artillery bombardment of the city, causing heavy casualties among the soldiers and civilians in the city. By late June, the rebels ran out of food and gunpowder, and infectious diseases spread in the city, making it difficult to defend the city against the enemy. On August 6, Liu Depei led the rebels to abandon the city and break through. The Qing army pursued closely and reached Taibai Mountain in Liaowu (now Yidu) where he was besieged by the Qing army. Being outnumbered, the rebels suffered heavy casualties. Determined not to be captured alive by the enemy, he first swung his sword to kill his wife and children, and then drank the sword to commit suicide before being killed by the enemy.